北疆机采棉等行密植模式下脱叶效果、产量及纤维品质研究  

Study on defoliation effect, yield and fiber quality in machine-harvested cotton under the equal row spacing with dense planting model in Northern Xinjiang

作　　者：石峰 田雨 时晓娟 王方永[1] 韩焕勇[1] SHI Feng;TIAN Yu;SHI Xiaojuan;WANG Fangyong;HAN Huanyong(Cotton Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy Agricultural and Reclamation Science/Northwest Inland Region Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China;Agricultural College of Shihezi University/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院棉花研究所/农业部西北内陆区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,新疆石河子832000 [2]石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第2期166-171,共6页Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD09B03);兵团科技创新人才计划(2020CB014);新疆兵团重大专项(2016AA001-2,4)。

摘　　要：在北疆主要植棉团场,选用株型较为紧凑的适宜机采的品种新陆早61号(P61)、新陆早50号(P50)和新陆早45号(P45)为供试材料,设置常规机采模式CK(66+10 cm)和一膜三行等行距密植模式R1(76 cm),研究棉花脱叶催熟效果、产量及产量构成、纤维品质对机采种植模式的响应。结果表明:与CK相比,R1模式未显著影响生育进程,同期脱叶和吐絮率分别提高6.9%和3.9%,挂枝棉和撞落棉分别降低1.1 kg/666.67 m^(2)和1.0 kg/666.67 m^(2),机采损失率降低0.5%,且随清理次数的增加,R1模式机采籽棉含杂率降低0.5%~1.5%,加工皮棉含杂率降低0.1%~1.4%。两种种植模式下棉花产量无显著差异,但R1模式表现为较好的纤维品质,其中籽棉纤维长度、断裂比强度和整齐度分别增加0.4 mm、0.2 cN/Tex、0.7%。因此,等行距密植模式条件下,选用株型较为紧凑的棉花品种,在保证产量的前提下更有利于提高棉花脱叶效果和机采品质。In the main cotton planting farms in northern Xinjiang, the compact plant types Xinluzao 61(P61),Xinluzao 50(P50),Xinluzao 45(P45)which are suitable for machine harvesting were used as experiment materials, set up conventional machine-picked pattern CK(66+10 cm)and equal row spacing with dense planting model R1(76 cm)to study the effect of defoliation and ripening, yield and yield component, fiber quality corresponding to the machine-picked planting patterns.The results showed that, compared with CK,the R1 mode did not affect the growth process significantly, and the defoliation and boll opening rates increased by 6.9% and 3.9%,respectively, the hanging cotton and falling cotton lowered by 1.1 kg/666.67 m^(2)and 1.0 kg/666.67 m^(2),respectively, the loss rate of mechanical harvesting decreased by 0.5%,and with the increase in cleaning times, the trash rate of machine-picked seed cotton in the R1 mode was reduced by 0.5% to 1.5%,and the trash rate of lint cotton was reduced by 0.1% to 1.4%.There was no significant difference in cotton yield between two planting modes, but R1 showed better fiber quality, in which the fiber length, breaking tenacity and uniformity of seed cotton increased by 0.4 mm, 0.2,0.7%.Therefore, under the equal row spacing with dense planting model conditions, selecting cotton varieties that are compact plant types which will be more beneficial to improve the defoliation effect and quality of machine-picked cotton under the premise of ensuring yield.

关 键 词：机采棉 种植模式 脱叶效果 产量 纤维品质 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]