小麦生殖发育阶段对低温的敏感性鉴定  

Identification on sensitivity of wheat to low temperature at reproductive stages

作　　者：王娟 刘翼 姚丹妤 邹景伟 肖世和[1] 孙果忠[1] WANG Juan;LIU Yi;YAO Dan-Yu;ZOU Jing-Wei;XIAO Shi-He;SUN Guo-Zhong(National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding,Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/作物分子育种国家工程实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《作物学报》2022年第7期1721-1729,共9页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0100703);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(S2020YC03);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03)资助。

摘　　要：由春季低温引发的倒春寒是严重威胁我国小麦生产安全的自然灾害之一。为准确评价倒春寒的危害程度与小麦植株发育阶段的关系,本研究以春性品种中麦8444为试验材料,在可控环境条件下,比较了不同幼穗分化发育阶段的小麦遭受低温后的冻害症状和生长发育情况。结果表明,小麦植株发育叶龄和幼穗分化阶段存在一定的对应关系。小麦植株的茎和叶片受冻害的程度随着温度降低和发育进程而呈现加重趋势,株高、穗长和结实率随着温度降低和发育进程而呈现降低趋势。二棱末期(S2.25)至小花原基分化期(S3.5)、药隔期(S5)至柱头羽毛突起期(S7)是幼穗发育过程中对低温敏感性发生明显变化的两个阶段。综合茎、叶、穗等器官对低温的耐受性,减数分裂期可以更全面地评价小麦的倒春寒抗性水平。Spring freezing injury caused by the low temperature at the reproductive stage is one of the natural disasters that seriously threaten the safety of wheat production in China.Spring wheat cultivar Zhongmai 8444 was employed to accurately determine the correlation between low-temperature damage and the sensitive stages of plant development under the controlled condition.Yield loss and the symptoms of frostbite were observed when plants were treated with freezing stress during the spike differentiation stage.The results showed that the developmental leaf age is relevant to the young spike differentiation stage in wheat plants.In addition,the degree of frost damage to the stems and leaves of wheat plants increased with the decrease of temperature and the developmental processes.In contrast,the plant height,spike length,and seed setting rate declined with a decrease in temperature and developmental processes.The late double ridge phase(S2.25)to floret primordia differentiation phase(S3.5)and the anther connective tissue forma-tion phase(S5)to stigma branches protuberance phase(S7)are the two stages that change significantly to low-temperature sensitivity during the young spike development.Based on the tolerance of stems,leaves,spikes,and other organs to low temperature,the meiotic stage can be used to comprehensively evaluate the resistance level of wheat to frost in spring.

关 键 词：小麦 生殖发育 低温敏感性 减数分裂期 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]