穗肥氮素用量与结实期遮光复合作用对常规粳稻品质的影响  

Combined effects of panicle nitrogen fertilizer amount and shading during grain filling period on grain quality of conventional japonica rice

作　　者：陶钰 姚宇 王坤庭 邢志鹏 翟海涛 冯源 刘秋员 胡雅杰 郭保卫 魏海燕 张洪程 TAO Yu;YAO Yu;WANG Kun-Ting;XING Zhi-Peng;ZHAI Hai-Tao;FENG Yuan;LIU Qiu-Yuan;HU Ya-Jie;GUO Bao-Wei;WEI Hai-Yan;ZHANG Hong-Cheng(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/扬州大学水稻产业工程技术研究院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《作物学报》2022年第7期1730-1745,共16页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31801293,31971841);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300503);江苏省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202011117087Y);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目资助。

摘　　要：氮素穗肥用量和结实期遮光可通过影响叶片光合和植株氮营养状况对水稻籽粒碳氮代谢能力产生调节作用,从而形成不同特征的稻米品质。为探明氮素穗肥用量与结实期遮光复合作用对常规粳稻品质的影响,于2019—2020年以生育期相近的常规粳稻淮稻5号、南粳9108和扬农香28为材料,设置40.5 kg hm^(-2)(N1)、81.0 kg hm^(-2)(N2)、121.5 kg hm^(-2)(N3)3个氮素穗肥用量处理,并于抽穗至成熟期采用人工遮阴方式控制水稻冠层光照,包括100%自然光照(S0)和50%自然光照(S50)处理,研究了结实期不同光氮处理组合对稻米品质的影响效应。结果表明:糙米率、精米率、整精米率在S0条件下随氮素穗肥用量的增加呈先升后降趋势,在S50条件下呈下降趋势,其中S0N2处理的整精米率最高,加工品质较好;垩白粒率和垩白度均呈S50N3>S50N2>S50N1>S0N3>S0N2>S0N1的趋势,且穗肥氮素用量的增加和结实期遮光对稻米提高垩白粒率和垩白度具有累加作用。穗肥氮素用量增加和结实期遮光均降低直链淀粉含量和胶稠度,提高蛋白质含量,其中谷蛋白的变异系数高于其他蛋白组分。穗肥氮素用量增加和结实期遮光不利于稻米食味值评分,不同品种的食味特征值对食味值评分的直接影响有差异。水稻淀粉的峰值黏度、崩解值随穗肥氮素用量增加和结实期光照强度下降而降低,消减值则上升,光氮复合作用增加了上述指标的差异。在穗肥氮素用量与结实期遮光复合作用下从直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量比值趋势性变化来分析,结实期植株碳氮代谢能力强弱发生了变化。直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量均与稻米食味值评分呈极显著的负相关关系,其中蛋白质的相关系数更大。因此,适量减施氮素穗肥有利于水稻结实期遭遇寡照后的稻米加工品质、外观品质及蒸煮食味品质提升,并且降低直链淀粉含量特别是蛋白质含量可能是Panicle nitrogen fertilizer amount and shading during grain filling period directly and obviously regulated the relationship between carbon and nitrogen metabolism of rice grains by affecting leaf photosynthesis and plant nitrogen nutrition,which would be benefit to forming different characteristics of rice quality.In order to investigate the combined effect between panicle nitrogen fertilizer amount and shading during grain filling period on quality of conventional japonica rice,field experiments were carried out with three panicle nitrogen application treatments of 40.5 kg hm^(-2)(N1),81.0 kg hm^(-2)(N2)and 121.5 kg hm^(-2)(N3)at the same amount of basal and tilling fertilizers,and two artificial shading treatments of 100%natural light(S0)and 50%natural light(S50)during grain filling period in 2019 and 2020.The quality characteristics of conventional japonica rice Huaidao 5,Nanjing 9108,and Yangnongxiang 28 were determined under different light and nitrogen conditions during grain filling period.Results showed that with the increase of panicle nitrogen fertilizer amount,the brown rice rate,milled rice rate,and heading rice rate firstly increased and then decreased under S0 and decreased under S50.The brown rice rate,milled rice rate and heading rice rate of S0 were significantly higher than S50,while the processing quality of S0N2 with higher heading rice rate was the best among all treatments.The chalkiness grain percentage and chalkiness degree of rice had a trend of S50N3>S50N2>S50N1>S0N3>S0N2>S0N1.Therefore,the in-crease of panicle nitrogen fertilizer amount and the shading during grain filling period had a cumulative effect on the increase of chalkiness grain rate and chalkiness degree of rice.Both the increase of panicle nitrogen fertilizer amount and shading during grain filling period decreased the amylose content and gel consistency,but increased the protein content.And the variation coefficient of glutelin was higher than other protein components among treatments.The rice taste value was decreased wit

关 键 词：穗肥氮素用量 结实期遮光 常规粳稻 稻米品质 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]