基于耐低氮综合指数的棉花苗期耐低氮品种筛选  

Screening of low nitrogen tolerant cultivars based on low nitrogen tolerance comprehensive index at seeding stage in cotton

作　　者：祝令晓 宋世佳[2] 李浩然[1] 孙红春[1] 张永江[1] 白志英 张科 李安昌 刘连涛[1] 李存东[1] ZHU Ling-Xiao;SONG Shi-Jia;LI Hao-Ran;SUN Hong-Chun;ZHANG Yong-Jiang;BAI Zhi-Ying;ZHANG Ke;LI An-Chang;LIU Lian-Tao;LI Cun-Dong(College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province,Baoding 071001,Hebei,China;Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science,Shijiazhuang 050031,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学农学院/省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室/河北省作物生长调控实验室,河北保定071001 [2]河北省农林科学院,河北石家庄050031

出　　处：《作物学报》2022年第7期1800-1812,共13页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室开放课题;国家自然科学基金项目(31871569)资助

摘　　要：在棉花生产中,氮肥的过量施用,不仅增加了生产成本,还造成了氮肥的大量流失,对环境造成了破坏。筛选耐低氮棉花品种是解决该问题的有效途径之一。本研究以21个在我国各大棉区主栽的棉花品种为试验材料,采用苗期土培的方式,设置正常氮(138 mg kg^(-1))和低氮(0 mg N kg^(-1))2个处理,测定了23个农艺性状,采用主成分分析、模糊隶属函数、聚类分析、相关性分析评价各品种的耐低氮能力。结果表明,所测定的大部分性状的变异系数均大于10%,说明所选择品种具有很好的代表性。根据主成分分析和相关性分析得出作为棉花低氮耐受性评价的7个性状,分别为根长、根表面积、根体积、地上部干重、总干重、实际光化学效率、最大光化学效率。根据耐低氮综合指数,筛选出鲁无403、新海12号、中棉所64号、新陆早23号4个耐低氮品种,丰抗棉1号、TM-1、农大棉601、中棉所35、新陆早53号5个低氮敏感型品种。4个耐低氮品种的耐低氮综合指数介于0.5723~0.6818,而5个低氮敏感型品种的耐低氮综合指数介于0.2914~0.3962。本研究提出的基于耐低氮综合指数的筛选方法,为作物耐低氮品种的筛选提供了新的借鉴。In cotton production,excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers leads to the increasing cost of agricultural production and a large amount of nitrogen loss,causing damage to the environment.Screening cotton cultivars with low nitrogen tolerance is one of the most effective approaches to solve this problem.In this study,21 cotton cultivars mainly planted in cotton regions were used as the experimental materials,and 23 agronomic traits were measured.The low nitrogen tolerance was evaluated by means of principal component analysis,the fuzzy membership function,cluster analysis,and correlation analysis under normal nitrogen treatment(N 138 mg kg^(-1))and low nitrogen treatment(N 0 g kg^(-1))using soil culture experiment at seeding stage.The results showed that the coefficient variation of most indexes were greater than 10%,which indicated that the selected varieties had good representativeness.Based on principal component analysis and correlation analysis,seven traits including root length,root surface area,root volume,shoot dry weight,total dry weight,actual photochemical efficiency,and maximum photochemical efficiency were used as evaluating indices for low nitrogen tolerance of cotton cultivars.Based on the low nitrogen tolerance comprehensive index,four low nitrogen tolerance cultivars(Luwu 403,Xinhai 12,Zhongmiansuo 64,and Xinluzao 23)and five low nitrogen sensitive cultivars(Fengkangmian 1,TM-1,Nongda 601,Zhongmiansuo 35,and Xinluzao 53)were screened out.The low nitro-gen tolerance comprehensive index of the four low nitrogen tolerance cultivars ranged from 0.5723 to 0.6817,while the low ni-trogen tolerance comprehensive index of five low nitrogen sensitive cultivars ranged from 0.2914 to 0.3962.In summary,the screening method based on the low nitrogen tolerance comprehensive index provided a new reference for the selection of crop cultivars with low nitrogen tolerance.

关 键 词：棉花 低氮耐受性 评价指标 综合评价 耐低氮综合指数 筛选 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]