中国夏作马铃薯区域特点现状分析  

Analysis on Regional Characteristics and Current Situation of Summer Potato in China

作　　者：隋启君[1,2,3] 李燕山 徐宁生[1,2,3] 鲍志猛 SUI Qijun;LI Yanshan;XU Ningsheng;BAO Zhimeng(Industrial Crops Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming,Yunnan 650205,China;Yunnan Potato Engineering Technology Research Center,Kunming,Yunnan 650205,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Potato and Rapeseed in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Kunming,Yunnan 650205,China;National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center,Beijing 100125,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所,云南昆明650205 [2]云南省马铃薯工程技术研究中心,云南昆明650205 [3]农业农村部云贵高原马铃薯与油菜科学观测实验站,云南昆明650205 [4]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125

出　　处：《中国马铃薯》2022年第1期12-19,共8页Chinese Potato Journal

基　　金：国家马铃薯产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-10-P07);云南省重大科技专项计划(202102AE090019);云南省种业共性创新技术平台建设“深加工型马铃薯新品种选育及产业化推广”。

摘　　要：通过中国夏作马铃薯不同区域产量和主要农艺性状情况分析,揭示不同区域马铃薯的产量水平、特点和比较优势,为不同区域马铃薯生产技术提高提供参考意见。研究对2019~2021年国家马铃薯品种区域试验中晚熟东北组、中晚熟华北组、中晚熟西北组、中晚熟西南组多点试验中马铃薯产量、农艺性状进行分析。结果表明,华北地区通过采用滴灌等技术以及品种更新换代等措施,马铃薯单产大幅度提高,近三年马铃薯多点试验平均单产达到2870 kg/667m^(2),成为中国夏作马铃薯单产最高的区域,西南地区单产最低,为1856 kg/667m^(2)。结合西南地区的气候条件分析,该区马铃薯单产还有较大的增长空间;西北地区马铃薯干物质含量是4个区域中最高的,达到20.8%,这与西北地区光照充足,生育期长密切相关;另外,各区域均存在不同程度的春旱问题,是影响各区域马铃薯出苗的限制因素之一。Through the analysis of the yield and main agronomic characters of summer potato in different regions of China,the yield level,characteristics and comparative advantages of potato in different regions were revealed,so as to provide references for the improvement of potato production technology in different regions.This study analyzed the yield and agronomic characters of potato in the multi-point experiment of middle and late maturing Northeast Group,North China Group,Northwest Group and Southwest Group in the national potato variety regional trial from 2019 to 2021.The yield per unit area of potato in North China increased significantly through adoption of technologies such as drip irrigation and renewal of varieties,and the average yield per unit area of potato in multi-point experiment in recent three years reached 2870 kg/667m^(2),becoming the highest region of summer potato in yield in China.In Southwest China,the yield was lowest,1856 kg/667m^(2).Combined with the analysis of climatic conditions in Southwest China,there is still a large room for the growth of potato yield in this region.The dry matter content of potatoes in Northwest China was the highest in the four regions,reaching 20.8%,which is closely related to sufficient sunlight and long growth duration in Northwest China.In addition,there exists spring drought to some extent in each region,which is one of the limiting factors affecting the emergence of potato.

关 键 词：夏作马铃薯 产量 农艺性状 区域特点 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]