悬浮泥沙荷载下水库泥沙淤积变化及流型演变  

Sediment deposition change of reservoir under suspended sediment load and flow pattern evolution

作　　者：杨帆 池苗苗 YANG Fan;CHI Miaomiao(Xinier Reservoir Management Bureau of Tarim River Basin,Korla 841000,China;Tarim River Basin Mainstream Authority,Korla 841000,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木河流域希尼尔水库管理局,新疆库尔勒841000 [2]塔里木河流域干流管理局,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《水资源开发与管理》2022年第4期24-29,23,共7页Water Resources Development and Management

摘　　要：本文通过试验以准连续方式测量河床水位变化、悬浮泥沙浓度和流速,并利用多种测量技术研究矩形浅水库中湍流结构、悬浮颗粒、河床形态和其他不稳定性之间的相互作用关系。结果表明,与清水流相比,随着泥沙添加到水流中,湍流减小,混合长度减小,粗糙度增加,从而导致速度梯度增加;悬浮泥沙和波纹稳定了水流,并将流型从与清水不对称改变为与泥沙对称;厚度达到水深的15%的沉积物和波纹是水流结构变化的直接影响因素;4.5h后已达到稳定的河床形态,但想要达到完全形态平衡需要18h以上;试验18h后,泥沙淤积体积达到水库总体积的50%,此时水库达到平衡,悬移泥沙流入和流出的速率大致相等。研究结果有助于了解泥沙的流动机制和泥沙交换过程。In this paper,the change of riverbed water level,concentration and velocity of suspended sediment are measured by quasi-continuous method through experiments,and the interaction among turbulent structure,suspended particles,riverbed shape and other instabilities in rectangular shallow water reservoir is studied by using various measurement techniques.The results show that,compared with clear water flow,with the addition of sediment to water flow,turbulence decreases,mixing length decreases and roughness increases,which leads to the increase of velocity gradient;Suspended sediment and ripples stabilize the water flow and change the flow pattern from asymmetry with clear water to symmetry with sediment.Sediment and ripples with a thickness of 15% of water depth are the direct influencing factors of flow structure change.After 4.5h hours,it has reached a stable riverbed shape,but it takes more than 18 hours to achieve complete shape balance.After 18 hours of experiment,the siltation volume reached 50% of the total volume of the reservoir.At this time,the reservoir reached equilibrium,and the inflow and outflow rates of suspended sediment were roughly equal.The results are helpful to understand the flow mechanism of sediment and the process of sediment exchange.

关 键 词：泥沙淤积 水流特性 河床形态 浅水库 流型 

分 类 号：TV149.2[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]