谷氨酸兴奋毒性及其调节剂的研究进展  

Research progress on excitotoxicity of glutamate and its modulators

作　　者：李春艳 赵洪庆[1] 杨蕙[1] 王叶情 刘灿[1] 孟盼[1] 王宇红[1] LI Chun-yan;ZHAO Hong-qing;YANG Hui;WANG Ye-qing;LIU Can;MENG Pan;WANG Yu-hong(Science and Technology Innovation Center of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Changsha 410208,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南中医药大学科技创新中心,湖南长沙410208

出　　处：《中国药理学通报》2022年第5期645-649,共5页Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No 82174357,82104836,81573965);湖南省优秀博士后创新人才项目(No 2020RC2060);长沙市杰出创新青年培养计划项目(No kq2009018)。

摘　　要：兴奋性毒性主要指兴奋性神经递质谷氨酸的毒性作用,谷氨酸受体长期激活会引发一系列神经毒性,最终导致神经元功能丧失和细胞死亡。触发兴奋性毒性可能涉及谷氨酸和钙代谢的改变,谷氨酸转运蛋白、N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor,NMDAR)和线粒体功能障碍以及ROS的产生。该文就以上机制的发生作一综述,并简述谷氨酸兴奋毒性在精神类疾病阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer′s disease,AD)、帕金森病(Parkinson′s disease,PD)、抑郁症(depression)和癫痫(epilepsy)中的病理机制。最后阐述广谱谷氨酸调节剂、化合物和中草药成分对谷氨酸能系统的调节作用。Excitotoxicity mainly refers to the toxic effect of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate.Long-term activation of glutamate receptors will cause a series of neurotoxicity,eventually leading to the loss of neuronal function and cell death.Triggering excitotoxicity may involve changes in glutamate and calcium metabolism,dysfunction of glutamate transporter,N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)and mitochondria,and production of ROS.Therefore,we here review the occurrence of these mechanisms and introduce the pathological mechanism of glutamate excitotoxicity in Alzheimer′s disease(AD),Parkinson′s disease(PD),depression and epilepsy.Finally,this review briefly describes the regulatory effects of broad-spectrum glutamic satellite modulators,marine compounds and Chinese herbal medicines on the glutamatergic system.

关 键 词：谷氨酸 兴奋毒性 谷氨酸受体 精神类疾病 拮抗剂 药物治疗 

分 类 号：R392.11[医药卫生—免疫学] R742.1[医药卫生—基础医学]