黄河内蒙古河段水沙及河床演变特性变化分析  

Analysis on changes of water-sediment and riverbed evolution characteristics in Inner Mongolia reach of Yellow River

作　　者：赵占超 侯素珍[1] 赖瑞勋[1] 王平[1] 胡恬[1] ZHAO Zhanchao;HOU Suzhen;LAI Ruixun;WANG Ping;HU Tian(Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research of Yellow River Conservancy Commission,Zhengzhou 450003,Henan,China;College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003 [2]河海大学水利水电学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《水利水电技术（中英文）》2022年第2期109-120,共12页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：水利部干部教育人才培养项目“黄河灾害风险数据管理及管道流固耦合模拟”(126201580001190006)。

摘　　要：随着黄河上游河段水库联合运用及水土保持工程的实施,内蒙古巴彦高勒至头道拐河段来沙量大幅度减少,河道演变剧烈,研究该河段演变特性变化可为河道防洪、防凌及下游河段水库调水调沙提供技术支持。为此,基于实测水沙及地形资料,并通过输沙率法结合同流量水位及典型断面变化分析了该河段水沙变化特性、河道时空冲淤分布特性及河道冲淤与水沙条件的耦合关系。结果显示,研究河段近期来水来沙总量偏少,至2018年有所增多,河道整体表现为冲刷,2012—2019年河段累积冲刷2.7亿t,其中汛期冲刷1.96亿t,河槽刷深展宽,河床高程下降,局部表现为上游冲刷下游淤积,包头上游河段冲刷量约为3.59亿t,下游河段淤积量约为0.72亿t,汛期冲淤变化比较剧烈。结果表明,来沙量大幅度减少,致使水流含沙量不能满足水流挟沙能力是河段发生整体累积性床刷的主要原因。With the joint operation of the reservoirs and the implementation of water and soil conservation projects along the Upper Yellow River, the sediment in the river reach from Bayangaole to Toudaoguai in Inner Mongolia is greatly reduced and the river course changes violently, and then the study on the change of the evolution characteristics of the river reach can provide relevant technical support for the river flood control, ice prevention and regulating water-sediment of the reservoirs along the downstream reach. Therefore, based on the measured water-sediment and topographic data, the change of the water-sediment characteristics of the river reach, the coupling relation between the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of erosion-deposition of the river course and the water-sediment condition are analyzed through the sediment transport rate method in combination with the water level with same-discharge and the change of the typical section. The results show that the total amounts of the incoming water and incoming sediment of the studying reach within the recent period are relatively less and are increased to some extent to 2018. The overall performance of the river course is scouring with the cumulative scouring amount of 270 million tons in the period from 2012 to 2019, including 196 million tons in flood season, while the river channel is deepened and widened with the decrease of the riverbed elevation and is locally characterized by upstream scouring and downstream sedimentation. The scouring amount of the upstream reach of Baotou is about 359 million tons and the silting amount of the downstream reach is about 72 million tons with the relatively violent changes in flood season. The study result shows that the main cause of the occurrence of the cumulative riverbed scouring within the river reach is that the sharp decrease of the incoming sediment makes the sediment content of water flow cannot meet the sediment carrying capacity of water flow.

关 键 词：内蒙古河段 水沙输移 冲淤分布 河床演变 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]