预热对集装箱用异种铝合金管-板焊残余应力的影响  

Effect of Preheating on Residual Stress in Tube-to-Sheet Welding of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloy for Containers

作　　者：王新宇 章陈浩 王孟君[1] WANG Xin-yu;ZHANG Chen-hao;WANG Meng-jun(Key Laboratory of Non-ferrous Metal Materials Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education,Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学有色金属材料科学与工程教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《矿冶工程》2022年第2期141-145,共5页Mining and Metallurgical Engineering

基　　金：2020年度广东省重点领域研发计划“芯片、软件与计算(软件与计算类)”重大专项(2021B0101220006)。

摘　　要：为降低铝制集装箱中异种铝合金焊的残余应力,采用预热方法对A356铝板和6061铝管进行熔化极惰性气体保护(MIG)焊接,利用ABAQUS有限元软件进行预热焊接模拟,分析不同预热温度及电流条件对残余应力及其分布的影响。结果表明,焊缝及近缝区存在较大的径向和周向残余拉应力,有限元模拟的应力分布与实测值基本吻合,验证了焊接模拟的有效性。施加焊前预热可小幅降低径向应力和轴向应力,但使焊件变形量增大。焊前预热并减小焊接电流可减缓母材升温及冷却速率,减小焊件不同区域温差,有效降低各向残余应力及焊件的变形程度。预热温度越高,残余应力降低越多,预热温度150℃时,相对未预热焊接样品的残余应力和变形量最大降幅可达40.8%和20.3%。In order to reduce the residual stress in the welding of dissimilar aluminum alloy for aluminum containers,A356 aluminum alloy sheet and 6061 aluminum alloy tube were welded using a metal inert-gas welder by preheating.The welding process with preheating was simulated by using the finite element software ABAQUS to analyze the influence of different preheating temperature and current on the residual stress and its distribution.The results show that there exists large tensile residual stress in the radial and circumferential direction of the weld seam and the near-seam zone.The simulated stress distribution is almost consistent with the measurement in the experiment,verifying the effectiveness of welding simulation.Preheating operation can slightly reduce the radial stress and axial stress,but lead to increased deformation of weldment.Preheating before welding and reducing the current can slow down the heating and cooling rate of the parent metal,reduce the temperature difference among different zones of weldment,and effectively reduce the residual stress and deformation of weldment.It is shown that the higher the preheating temperature is,the less the residual stress is.Preheating at 150 ℃ can maximally reduce the residual stress and deformation by 40.8% and 20.3%.

关 键 词：预热 铝合金 熔化极惰性气体保护焊 残余应力 数值模拟 焊接 焊缝 

分 类 号：TG404[金属学及工艺—焊接]