何以颠覆——对孙兆霞、张建论贵州屯田制度主要观点的商榷  

Why Subvert:A Discussion on the Main Views of Sun Zhaoxia and Zhang Jian on the System of Farmland in Guizhou

作　　者：林芊 LIN Qian(College of History and Ethnic Culture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 55OO25,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学历史与民族文化学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《安顺学院学报》2022年第2期1-10,共10页Journal of Anshun University

基　　金：2018年贵州省哲学社会科学规划国学单列课题“清水江文书儒家精髓运用与传承研究”(18GZGX11)。

摘　　要：《地方社会与国家历史的长时段型塑——〈吉昌契约文书汇编〉价值初识》一文,是研究吉昌文书有影响力的作品,论文提出了三个核心观点:第一,吉昌文书中的屯田契约表示,此时屯田是国有而非私有,第二,此时的屯田不能买卖;第三,由上述两现象证实屯田制度直到清末还存在,“明代屯田制仅仅是‘结构的流动’”。阅读论文的论证过程及与历史事实比较研究,可以证明上述观点皆不成立。文献与实事表明,康熙时代源自明代的贵州屯田制度已废止。但该文有一个启示性意义:潜在地提出了一个贵州军屯研究中的问题,即应当从屯田征收赋税的变化,去解释贵州屯田制度怎样消解,并由此带来了一个屯田研究中忽略了的问题,即卫所制度除后贵州田赋征收的双轨制及其社会经济弊端。The Article Long-term Shaping of Local Society and National History—A Preliminary Understanding of the Value of Jichang Contract Documents Collection is an influential work in the study of Jichang documents.The paper puts forward three core viewpoints:First,the settlement contract in Jichang documents indicates that at that time the settlement was state-owned rather than privately owned.Second,at that time,the settlement could not be bought and sold.Third,the above two phenomena confirms that the settlement system still existed until the end of the Qing Dynasty.“The settlement system in the Ming Dynasty was just a‘flow of structures’”.Reading the argumentation process of the paper and comparing it with historical facts can prove that none of the above viewpoints hold.In the Kangxi era,documents and actual facts show that the system of storied fields in Guizhou,which originated in the Ming Dynasty,has been abolished.However,this article has a revelation significance:it potentially raises a problem in the study of military settlements in Guizhou,that is,the changes in the collection of taxes on the settlements should be used to explain how the settlement system in Guizhou was eliminated,and thus brought about a neglect in the study of the settlements in Guizhou.The problem was solved,that is,Kangxi abolished the guard system,but brought the dual-track system and social and economic drawbacks in the process of expropriation of Tianfu in Guizhou.

关 键 词：吉昌契约文书 屯田制度 屯田制度消解 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]