银杏控制授粉对种实产量及品质的影响  

Effects of controlled pollination on the seed yield and quality of Ginkgo biloba

作　　者：王邦富 WANG Bangfu(Fujian Sanming Forestry School,Sanming,Fujian 365001,China)

机构地区：[1]福建三明林业学校,福建三明365001

出　　处：《森林与环境学报》2022年第3期306-311,共6页Journal of Forest and Environment

基　　金：福建省林业局科技项目“福建省特色林木种质资源评价与监测信息应用”(2021FKJ17号);福建省林业局科技推广项目“银杏良种高产高效技术推广与示范”(闽林推[2012]13号)。

摘　　要：为研究银杏花粉浓度对银杏种实产量及品质的影响,根据m_(雄花粉):m_(清水)(HF),采用8种不同银杏雄花粉浓度(HF1=1:1000、HF2=1:2000;HF3=1:3000;HF4=1:4000;HF5=1:5000;HF6=1:6000;HF7=1:7000;HF8=1:8000)对银杏试验林进行控制授粉,比较授粉浓度对银杏种实产量、品质的影响,总结适宜的授粉浓度,为银杏果园人工辅助授粉提供科学依据。结果表明:较低的授粉浓度有利于提高银杏种实的品质,但产量较低;降低授粉浓度有助于种核纵径、横径、厚度的增加,但对果形指数、出核率、出仁率的影响较小。对主要指标鲜种核产量和核仁营养成分进行比HF5为最适宜授粉浓度,其鲜种核年平均产量最高,达8204.6 kg·hm^(-2),且核仁支链淀粉、粗蛋白、较,可溶性糖等营养成分含量也较高。通过优劣解距离(TOPSIS)法对8种不同授粉浓度的处理进行优劣排序比较,综合效果优劣排序依次为HF5>HF6>HF4>HF7>HF3>HF8>HF2>HF1。In this study,we investigated the effects of Ginkgo biloba pollen concentration on the yield and quality of G.biloba seeds.Eight concentrations(weight ratio of pollen to clean water)of G.biloba pollen[1:1000(HF1);1:2000(HF2);1:3000(HF3);1:4000(HF4);1:5000(HF5);1:6000(HF6);1:7000(HF7);and 1:8000(HF8)]were used to evaluate the controlled pollination effect.To provide an accurate scientific reference for pollen concentration control,we identified the most suitable pollination concentration based on G.biloba yield and quality.The results revealed that low pollination concentrations enhance seed quality,albeit with a low yield.Reducing pollen concentration was found to promote the increase in vertical diameter,transverse diameter,and thickness of the G.biloba seed kernel and had little effect on fruit shape,kernel percentage,or almond percentage.The average yield of fresh seed kernel was highest in the HF5 treatment at 8204.6 kg·hm^(-2).Similarly,the contents of pullulan,crude protein,and soluble sugars in the almond of G.biloba plants subjected to the HF5 treatment were also high.On the basis of comprehensive technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)evaluation,used to compare the performance values of the vector functions for each assessed index in experimental treatments,we established the comprehensive effects of each treatment,which could be ordered as follows:HF5>HF6>HF4>HF7>HF3>HF8>HF2>HF1.

关 键 词：银杏 控制授粉 种实 产量 质量 

分 类 号：S727.3[农业科学—林木遗传育种]