长期施用牛粪对松嫩平原盐渍化土壤脱盐碱化效果的影响  

Desalinization Effects of Long-term Cattle Manure Application in Saline-sodic Soils on the Songnen Plain

作　　者：汪勇 孟庆峰[1] WANG Yong;MENG Qingfeng(College of Resources and Environment,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《华北农学报》2022年第2期142-151,共10页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：黑龙江省博士后科研启动基金(LBH-Q19073);东北农业大学“东农学者”(19XG08)。

摘　　要：为了探究施用有机肥对盐碱土壤脱盐效果的长期效应,以腐熟牛粪为改良材料,根据牛粪施用年限共设置4个处理,分别为:施用牛粪8,12,18 a,以未施用牛粪的作为对照。通过对土壤可溶性盐分组成、交换性盐基、有机质、容重、EC和pH值等指标的测定,定量化探讨牛粪对各个指标影响及其关系,阐明长期施用牛粪对盐碱土脱盐效果的影响。结果表明,长期施用牛粪显著降低了土壤HCO_(3)^(-)的含量,消除了CO_(3)^(2-);降低了土壤容重,增加了土壤孔隙度和土壤有机质;降低了Na^(+)含量,增加了土壤交换性Ca^(2+)、可溶性K^(+)和Mg^(2+)含量。相关性分析表明:土壤ESP和pH值与交换性Na^(+)、HCO_(3)^(-)和CO_(3)^(2-)含量呈显著正相关,土壤pH值与土壤有机质呈显著负相关关系。回归分析表明:影响钠吸附比的主要因素是可溶性Mg^(2+),其次是可溶性Na^(+),即:施用牛粪后,SAR的降低主要是由于可溶性Mg^(2+)的增加和可溶性Na+的降低而引起的。相关性分析表明:牛粪的累积施用量与土壤pH值、EC、ESP和SAR等呈显著负相关。综上所述,每年施用牛粪导致了土壤pH值、碱化度、电导率和钠吸附比显著降低,这是由于土壤胶体上的Na^(+)被游离的Ca^(2+)替换,并且促进了土壤可溶性盐从土壤表层淋溶,降低了可溶性盐的含量,也使得可溶性盐的离子组成发生了变化。这些可能是每年施用有机肥导致土壤钙镁离子含量以及土壤孔隙度增加,土壤容重降低的结果。In order to explore the effects of cattle manure on soil salinity and sodicity on the sodic soil in long-term experiments,the experiments were performed in a randomized complete block design with four treatments;soils that received manure applications for 8,12,18 years were used as the experimental treatments,and soil that did not receive cattle manure application was used as the control treatment(CK).The results showed that the application of cattle manure to saline-sodic soil resulted in a reduction in the bicarbonate ion(HCO_(3)^(-))contents,the elimination of carbonate ions(CO_(3)^(2-)),the decrease in soil bulk density(ρb),the increases in soil porosity(ft)and soil organic matter(SOM),the decreases in the exchangeable and soluble sodium ion(Na^(+))contents associated with increases in the exchangeable calcium ion(Ca^(2+)),soluble potassium ion(K^(+)),and magnesium ion(Mg^(2+))contents compared to those in untreated soil.The soil exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP)and pH were both significantly and positively correlated with the exchangeable Na+and HCO_(3)^(-),and CO_(3)^(2-)contents,and soil pH was significantly and negatively correlated with SOM.Regression analysis showed that the dominant factors affecting the sodium absorption ratio(SAR)were the soluble Mg^(2+)and Na^(+)contents in the soil.Pearson correlation analysis showed that there were significantly negative correlation between the accumulated amount of cattle manure among the indicators of soil salinization degree,such as pH,EC,ESP and SAR.It was concluded that long-term manure application significantly decreased the soil pH,ESP,electrical conductivity(EC)and SAR due to the replacement of soil colloidal Na^(+)with Ca^(2+),the leaching of soil soluble salts from the topsoil and changes in the soil soluble salt ion composition.These outcomes were likely due to the decrease ofρb associated with increase of ft and Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+)contents caused by annual manure application.

关 键 词：牛粪 长期试验 碱土 交换性阳离子 可溶性盐 土壤碱度 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学]