稻鸭共育对直播水稻田间杂草群落组成及多样性的影响  

Effect of Rice-duck Farming on the Composition and Diversity of the Weed Community in Direct Seeding Rice Paddies

作　　者：梁玉刚 周晶[3] 余政军 李静怡[4] 黄璜 赵正洪[1] LIANG Yugang;ZHOU Jing;YU Zhengjun;LI Jingyi;HUANG Huang;ZHAO Zhenghong(Hunan Rice Research Institute,Changsha 410125,China;College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Loudi Vocational and Technical College,Loudi 417000,China;College of Economics and Management,Changsha Normal University,Changsha 410100,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省水稻研究所,湖南长沙410125 [2]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [3]娄底职业技术学院,湖南娄底417000 [4]长沙师范学院经济管理学院,湖南长沙410100

出　　处：《华北农学报》2022年第2期160-170,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2018YFD0301003,2018YFD030100602)。

摘　　要：为探索稻鸭共育下直播水稻田间杂草种类和群落组成的动态变化,连续2 a运用植物群落生态的方法研究不喷施除草剂(CK)、喷施除草剂(RH)、养鸭不喷施除草剂(DK)和养鸭喷施除草剂(DH)的控草效果和田间杂草群落组成的变化特点。结果表明:2 a中DK处理对田间杂草防控效果为47.00%,低于RH处理的93.88%和DH处理的100.00%,且在水稻分蘖盛期、抽穗期和乳熟期均形成以稗草、鸭舌草、异型莎草和千金子组成的优势杂草,优势杂草总和分别占到总杂草比例的71.20%,92.29%和94.03%;单子叶杂草和禾本科杂草均在水稻分蘖盛期至乳熟期成为优势群落,且在乳熟期占总杂草的比例分别达到97.57%和64.97%,双子叶杂草和阔叶杂草所占比例分别为2.43%和8.55%。2 a中DK处理在分蘖盛期至乳熟期Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpon指数均低于CK处理,且高于RH处理,但DK和CK处理的Simpon指数和Pielou均匀度指数在抽穗期和乳熟期差异不显著,而与RH处理差异显著,这表明DK处理能够改变稻田杂草群落组成和多样性,并且对田间杂草的防控作用不明显,田间发生草害将影响水稻产量的形成,最终使得水稻减产严重。In this regard,we carried out a research to study the dynamic changes of the weeds varieties and community composition under rice-duck farming.The experiment lasted for two years from the perspective of plant community ecology,four different treatment were adopted in the research,that was,not using of herbicide(CK),using herbicide(RH),not using herbicide under duck farming(DK),and using herbicide under duck farming(DH).Results showed that in the two years,DK reduced weeds by 47.00%,lower than 93.88%in RH and 100.00%in DH.DK also saw the formation of dominant weeds consisting of Echinochloa crusgalli(L.)Beauv,Monochoria vaginalis(Burm.f.)C.Presl,Cyperus rotundus L.,and Leptochloa chinensis(L.)Nees in the full tiller stage,heading stage,and milk ripe stage.Dominant weeds respectively accounted for 71.20%,92.29%,and 94.03%of the total weeds in the above three stages.Monocotyledon weeds and gramineous weeds became dominant communities from full tiller stage to milk ripe stage,respectively accounting for 97.57%and 64.97%of the total weeds in the milk ripe stage.And the proportion of dicotyledon weeds and broadleaf weeds were 2.43%and 8.55%,respectively.The two-year experiment also saw the Shannon-Wiener Index and Simpon Index in DK treatment lower than those in CK and higher than those in RH.The Simpon Index and Pielou Evenness Index of DK and CK were not significantly different in heading stage and milk ripe stage,but DK had significant difference with RH.It indicated that although DK treatment could change the weeds community composition and diversity,its prevention and control on weeds was not significant.

关 键 词：稻鸭共育 直播水稻 杂草防控 杂草群落 杂草多样性 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学]