农圈再野化:以农野轮换促进英国威尔士坎布里安山脉后生产主义农村遗产景观再生  

Paddock Rewilding: An Agri-wilding Scenario for a Regenerative Rural Heritage Landscape in Post-productivist Cambrian Mountains, Wales, UK

作　　者：朱丞晋 CHU Shing Chun Paul(the University of Hong Kong,China)

机构地区：[1]香港大学建筑学院,中国香港

出　　处：《景观设计学（中英文）》2021年第6期100-111,共12页Landscape Architecture Frontiers

摘　　要：长久以来集约化的农业生产已经引发出许多时下亟待解决的环境问题。在此背景下,“再野化”概念被引入学术研究领域,倡导生态中心主义,期望将原始荒野重新引入人工环境,使得开放连续的自然过程重新主导景观环境演替。随着欧洲国家的边缘农业用地撂荒现象不断加剧,再野化作为一种被动管理方式被广泛推行。然而,这种管理方式受到了世代以土地为生且习惯于主动土地管理方式传统的农牧民的强烈反对。本项目试图在遗产景观的永续使用和再野化这两种极端对立的土地利用观念间建立起协同关系,缓解因不间断的农耕与放牧所导致的植被覆盖率降低与土壤肥力流失问题。本项目以位于英国威尔士坎布里安山脉的庞塔费纳奇社区为例,受到本土“迁徙耕作”的轮作农耕方式启发,生成了“农圈再野化”的设计理念及相应方法论。这种景观干预方法融合了时间尺度、游牧传统和沿袭的公地权属机制,将农业景观视为在时间维度上的循环波动,建立起潜在的土地变化节律,设想了在更大范围的用地上实现“再野化”与“去野化”永续更迭的场景,期望建立平衡、可持续的土地管理范式。The historical agriculture intensification has left notable environmental issues pressing to be resolved these days.In this context, rewilding was introduced into science as an eco-centric approach to introduce pristine wilderness back into artificial environment and allow open-ended and continuous natural processes to regain dominance in landscape. This passive management approach flourishes as a result of marginal farmland abandonment across Europe, has meanwhile sparked debate with farmers who live off the land that historically embraces active management. Paddock Rewilding investigates a middle ground to mediate and create synergies in two conceptually polarized value systems of heritage landscape and rewilding to combat the loss of vegetative cover and soil fertility that has resulted from nearly a century of continual harvesting and livestock pasturing.Inspired by the indigenous pathway of “shifting cultivation,”a pilot community in Cambrian Mountains, Wales, UK-Pontarfynach has been selected to demonstrate the idea of Paddock Rewilding and corresponding landscape intervention. The intervention employs timescale,traditional movement of livestock, and the historical rights of the Common land to treat the landscape as a temporal gradient to unlatch the potential land rhythm,and explores how larger territories can be elaborated into a “permanently impermanent” rotational scenario between “Rewilding” and “Dewilding,” to offer a possible alternative to envision a balanced and sustainable land management paradigm.

关 键 词：再野化 可持续农地管理 景观遗产 迁徙耕作 新自由主义 

分 类 号：TU984.18[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] P963[天文地球—自然地理学]