反兴奋剂治理中的人权保障  

Human Rights Protection in Anti-doping Governance

作　　者：姜涛[1] Jiang Tao

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学体育法研究所

出　　处：《人权》2021年第6期13-31,共19页Human Rights

基　　金：国家社科基金重大课题“反兴奋剂法治体系及防控机制研究”(20&ZD337)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在体育运动中反对使用兴奋剂,已成为世界性的共识。世界反兴奋剂机构自1999年成立以来,在20多年的不懈努力之下初步搭建起了辐射全球、效率较高的反兴奋剂治理体系。这一治理体系在承担维护秩序价值之余,是否也追求人权的实现,是一个越来越受到人们关注的命题。深入审视反兴奋剂制度可以发现,对人权价值的追求和保障,也是其制度正当性的重要基础。具体到操作层面中,反兴奋剂管制所包括的检查、检测、调查、治疗用药豁免等各个环节中,都涉及人权保障的问题,现行以《世界反兴奋剂条例》为基础的规则体系也基本关照到了这些问题。中国的反兴奋剂事业,近年来取得了全面进展,不但满足了世界反兴奋剂治理的一般要求,而且在诸多方面作出了制度创新,在反兴奋剂人权保障方面贡献了中国智慧和中国经验。It has become a worldwide consensus to oppose doping in sports.Since its establishment in 1999,the World Anti-Doping Agency has made unremitting efforts over the past 20-plus years and established an anti-doping governance system with global influence and high efficiency.Whether this governance system seeks to realize human rights while maintaining order value is a proposition that attracts more attention.An in-depth examination of the anti-doping system shows that the pursuit and protection of human rights values are also an essential basis for the legitimacy of its system.At the operational level,all aspects of anti-doping governance,including inspections,testing,investigations,and exemptions for therapeutic use,are related to human rights protection.The current rule system based on the World Anti-Doping Code also covers these issues.China’s anti-doping cause has made comprehensive progress in recent years in that it meets the general requirements of the world’s anti-doping governance and has made institutional innovations in many aspects,contributing Chinese wisdom and experience to the protection of human rights in this regard.

关 键 词：反兴奋剂 微观治理 运动员权利 人权增量 

分 类 号：D998.2[政治法律—国际法学] D99[政治法律—法学]