无人机作战带来的人权挑战及其应对  

Human Rights Challenges Posed by Drone Operations and Countermeasures

作　　者：徐爽 Xu Shuang

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学法学院 [2]中央民族大学国家安全研究院

出　　处：《人权》2021年第6期141-160,共20页Human Rights

基　　金：2021年国家社科基金重点课题(21AFX004)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：当今,无人机袭击被越来越多地运用于反恐行动及其他军事领域,甚至预示着“战争的未来”。与此同时,无人机作为武器使用也带来一系列人权挑战,主要体现在其构成了对生命权和公正审判权等基本权利的侵害或严重威胁,由此引发一系列归责难题。事实上,国际人权法无论在和平时期还是在武装冲突局势中,都对缔约国具有约束力,其提供的人权保护都不会停止。这就要求相关主体在无人机的军事使用中,须尽快将这一新型军事使用方式纳入规制范围,在尊重国家主权原则的基础上,遵守区分原则和比例原则,防止滥用武装无人机侵犯人权,重新解释相关概念和原则规定,逐步形成无人机作为武器使用的国际标准,公正合理地确定当事方责任,确保新技术的使用不对人权保障造成负面影响。Today,drone strikes are increasingly used in counter-terrorism operations and other military fields,and even herald the“future of war”.Meanwhile,the use of drones as weapons also brings a series of human rights challenges,mainly reflected in the infringement upon or serious threat to basic rights such as the right to life and the right to a fair trial,leading to a series of imputation problems.In fact,international human rights law is binding on States parties,whether in peacetime or in armed conflicts,and the protection of human rights it provides will never stop.This requires relevant entities to incorporate this new type of military use into regulation as soon as possible.Meanwhile,based on the principle of respecting national sovereignty,they should abide by the principle of distinction and proportionality,prevent the violation of human rights through abuse of armed drones,reinterpret relevant concepts and principles,gradually develop international standards for the use of drones as weapons,fairly and reasonably determine the responsibilities of the parties,and ensure that the use of new technologies does not negatively affect human rights protection.

关 键 词：无人机袭击 生命权 公正审判权 区分原则 

分 类 号：V279[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] D815.7[政治法律—国际关系]