金绿宝石矿床类型与成因机制  

Types and genetic mechanism of chrysoberyl deposits

作　　者：马垠策 洪涛 刘善科[1,2,3] 李杭 马华东 王威[6] 徐兴旺[1,2,3] MA YinCe;HONG Tao;LIU ShanKe;LI Hang;MA HuaDong;WANG Wei;XU XingWang(Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Innovation Academy for Earth Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Guangdong Key Lab of Geodynamics and Geohazards,School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory,Zhuhai 519082,China;The Research Center of Resource and Environment of Xinjiang,Urumuqi 830011,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,中国科学院矿产资源研究重点实验室,北京100029 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院地球科学研究院,北京100029 [4]广东省地球动力作用与地质灾害重点实验室,中山大学地球科学与工程学院,广州510275 [5]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海),珠海519082 [6]新疆自然资源与生态环境研究中心,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《岩石学报》2022年第4期943-962,共20页Acta Petrologica Sinica

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项项目(2020A03005);中山大学高校基本业务费-青年教师团队项目(2021qntd23);中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所重点部署项目(IGGCAS-201902);中国科学院重点部署项目(ZDRW-ZS-2020-4-3);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0802)联合资助.

摘　　要：金绿宝石作为一种铍矿物,不仅能用于高新科技、军事、医疗等领域,也是一种珍贵的宝石。自十八世纪被发现以来,金绿宝石成因和矿床特征被广泛地关注与研究。本文梳理与归纳了金绿宝石矿物学特征、矿床类型与分布,并给出新的矿床划分方案;总结了金绿宝石矿床的形成机制和影响因素等方面研究进展及科学问题。金绿宝石矿床按照成因可分为四个大类,即熔体结晶类、变质成因类、交代成因类和风化成因类;而根据赋存岩石,可将金绿宝石矿床进一步划分为六种亚型,分别是花岗岩-伟晶岩型、变质伟晶岩型、蛇纹岩型、云母岩型、条纹岩型和砂矿型。金绿宝石可在高温的高分异花岗岩岩浆中直接结晶形成,主要与石英、长石、白云母、绿柱石等共生,也可见锌尖晶石、夕线石和红柱石;在高级变质条件下金绿宝石由绿柱石分解得到,在变质伟晶岩型中金绿宝石与长石和石英共生,而在蛇纹岩型中金绿宝石与硅铍石共生;由远端交代作用控制形成的条纹岩型金绿宝石常与萤石、硅铍石和塔菲石共生,而由近端交代作用控制形成的云母型金绿宝石则与金云母、绿柱石和硅铍石共生。金绿宝石矿床仍存在很多有待解决与深入探讨的科学问题:金绿宝石形成的温压范围比较大,可能存在不同晶体相;针对花岗岩-伟晶岩型和条纹岩型金绿宝石矿床研究不充分,金绿宝石矿床精细成矿模型仍不完善;构造运动和交代作用对云母岩型金绿宝石形成的控制未能讨论清楚;挥发分及助溶组分对金绿宝石形成所起的具体作用有待进一步探究。As a beryllium mineral,chrysoberyl is not only used in high-tech,military and medical field,but a precious gem that can be traded all over the world.Since its discovery in the 18^(th) century,the genesis of chrysoberyl deposits had been investigated.In this paper,the mineralogical characteristics of chrysoberyl,types and distribution of chrysoberyl deposit are specifically shown.Furthermore,the genesis and factors of chrysoberyl deposit are also summarized systematically.There are four genetic types of chrysoberyl deposit,namely melt crystallization,metamorphism,metasomatism and weathering.According to mineral-hosting rocks,chrysoberyl deposits can be further classified as granite-pegmatite,meta-pegmatite,serpentinite,phlogopite-rock,ribbon-rock and placer subtypes.The chrysoberyl can be directly crystallized in the highly differentiated granitic magma at high temperature,and it can be paragenetic with feldspar,quartz muscovite,beryl and garnet,and can be associated with zinc spinel,sillimanite and andalusite.Chrysoberyl can be formed by decomposition of beryl under high metamorphic conditions.At the same time,feldspar and quartz are common in meta-pegmatite type,and phenakite is common in serpentinite type.Besides,chrysoberyl can be formed by different metasomatism.The chrysoberyl controlled by distal metasomatism is usually associated with fluorite,phenakite and taaffeite,while another type controlled by proximal metasomatism is associated with phlogopite,beryl and phenakite.The authors propose that the problems such as the potential phases of chrysoberyl,factors that cause chrysoberyl-rich granite-pegmatite type and large crystal,the tectonic or metasomatic control on phlogopite type,the genesis of chrysoberyl in ribbon rock type,and the effect of volatiles and fluxes on formation of chrysoberyl should be considered in the further researches.

关 键 词：金绿宝石 铍矿床 矿床分类 矿床成因 

分 类 号：P611[天文地球—矿床学] P618.72[天文地球—地质学]