日本二战史研究的性别转向:口述证言、记忆研究与历史学的革新  

The Gender Turn in Japanese WWⅡHistoriography:A Concurrent Discussion of Oral History,Memory Studies and the Innovations in Historical Writing

作　　者：杨力 YANG Li(School of Japanese Studies,Shanghai International Studies University,Shanghai,200083,China)

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学日本文化经济学院,上海200083

出　　处：《史学集刊》2022年第3期16-27,共12页Collected Papers of History Studies

摘　　要：日本口述史起源于公元8世纪。明治维新之后,受近代西方兰克史学的影响,口述资料逐渐被边缘化,以文书档案为中心的政治史占据了历史编纂的中心位置。二战后,伴随着民众史和社会史的勃兴,口述史开始为日本主流史学界所关注。从20世纪90年代起,伴随着历史研究的语言学转向和记忆转向,日本口述史研究的关注点,也从重构历史事实转变为考察历史叙事本身的建构与口述资料背后的语境、权力关系等,口述史的研究得到进一步发展和革新。战争性暴力由于其议题的特殊性,在很大程度上依赖于口述资料,成为日本口述史的一个中心议题。日本史学界通过聚焦“慰安妇”和“斑斑女”的口述证言,从受害者的角度重新审视战争性暴力,从性别视角推动和更新了战争史的研究。Oral history in Japan had its roots in the eighth century.After the Meiji Restoration,oral sources were gradually marginalized by the influence of modern Western Rankean historiography.Political history,centering on documents and archives,took center stage in historical writing.After World WarⅡ,along with the rise of people’s history and social history,oral history began to attract attention among mainstream Japanese historians.Since the 1990 s,along with the“linguistic turn”and“mnemonic turn”in historiography,the focus of Japanese oral history research has shifted from reconstructing historical facts to examining the construction of narratives themselves,the contexts behind the production of oral sources,power relations,etc.Because of its specific relevance,war violence has become a central issue in Japanese oral history,relying heavily on oral sources.By focusing on the oral testimonies of the“Comfort women”and“Panpan girls”,Japanese historians have revisited war sexual violence from the perspective of the victims,and have promoted and updated the study of war history from a gender perspective.

关 键 词：二战史 口述史 记忆研究 性别史 慰安妇 斑斑女 

分 类 号：K313.46[历史地理—历史学] K093.13[历史地理—世界史]