Metallogenic‘factories’and resultant highly anomalous mineral endowment on the craton margins of China  

作　　者：Li-Qiang Yang Jun Deng David I.Groves M.Santosh Wen-Yan He Nan Li Liang Zhang Rui-Rui Zhang Hong-Rui Zhang 

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China [2]Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory of Gold Mineralization Processes and Resources Utilization,Shandong Institute of Geological Sciences,Jinan 250013,China [3]Centre for Exploration Targeting,University of Western Australia,Crawley,WA 6009,Australia [4]Dept.of Earth Sciences,University of Adelaide,SA 5005,Australia [5]Division of Interdisciplinary Science,Faculty of Science,Kochi University,Kochi 780-8520,Japan

出　　处：《Geoscience Frontiers》2022年第2期1-20,共20页地学前缘（英文版）

基　　金：partly funded by the National Key Research Program of China(2019YFA0708603);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42130801,41230311,41572069,41702070);the 111 Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China(BP0719021);the MOST Special Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences(MSFGPMR201804);the Key Laboratory of Gold Mineralization Processes and Resource Utilization Subordinated to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Geological Process and Resources Utilization in Shandong Province,Shandong Institute of Geological Sciences(KFKT201801,KFKT201802)。

摘　　要：The current margins of the North China and Yangtze Cratons provide arguably the best examples globally of anomalously high mineral endowment within a 100 km buffer zone,hosting 66 diverse world-class to giant ore systems that help explain China’s premier position as a producer of multiple metal and mineral commodities.After the cratonization of these crustal blocks during the Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic,with incorporation of iron ores on assembled micro-block margins,the margins of the cratons experienced multiple convergence and rifting events leading to metasomatism and fertilization of their underlying sub-continental lithospheric mantle.The rifted margins with trans-lithosphere faults provided pathways for Cu-Au(Mo-W-Sn)-bearing felsic to Ni-Cu-bearing ultrabasic intrusions and REE-rich carbonatite magmas,and for the development of marginal sedimentary basins with both Cu-Pb-Zn-rich source units and reactive carbonate or carbonaceous host rocks.There was diachronous formation of hydrothermal orogenic gold,antimony,and bismuth systems in the narrow orogenic belts between the cratons.Complexity in the Mesozoic Paleo-Pacific subduction systems resulted in asthenosphere upwelling and lithosphere extension and thinning in the North China Craton,leading to anomalous heat flow and formation of orogenic gold deposits,including those of the giant Jiaodong gold province on its north-eastern margin.These gold deposits,many of which formed from fluids liberated by devolatilization of previously metasomatized sub-continental lithospheric mantle,helped propel China to be the premier gold producer globally.The thick sub-continental lithospheric mantle of the cold buoyant cratons helped the preservation of some of the world’s oldest porphyry-skarn and epithermal mineral systems.Although craton margins globally control the formation and preservation of a diverse range of mineral deposits,China represents the premier example in terms of metal endowment due to the anomalous length of its craton margins combined with their a

关 键 词：Craton margin Ore deposits Geodynamic setting Fertile mantle lithosphere Mineral exploration 

分 类 号：P612[天文地球—矿床学]