水星磁层亚暴和磁暴  

Mercury's magnetospheric substorm and storm

作　　者：赵玖桐 孙为杰 宗秋刚[1,3] Zhao Jiutong;Sun Weijie;Zong Qiugang(Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering,University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,Michigan,48109,USA;Polar Research Institute of China,Shanghai 200136,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学空间物理与应用技术研究所,北京100871 [2]美国密歇根大学气候与空间科学与工程系,密歇根安娜堡481093 [3]中国极地研究中心,上海200136

出　　处：《地球与行星物理论评》2022年第4期416-431,共16页Reviews of Geophysics and Planetary Physics

基　　金：“变革性技术关键科学问题”重点专项2021年度定向指南项目(2021YFA0718600);民用航天“十三五”技术日球层边际探测重要科学问题预先研究资助项目(D020301)。

摘　　要：磁层亚暴和磁暴是太阳风—行星磁层耦合过程中发生的能量存储和爆发式释放现象,伴随着复杂的等离子体动力学,对磁层以及整个行星都具有强烈的影响.它们的发生不仅会通过粒子沉降引发绚丽多彩的极光,还可以通过电磁场影响人类以及其他生物的生产生活.对地球上的亚暴和磁暴现象的描述与研究至今已有近百年的历史,然而对其他行星上的亚暴以及磁暴的研究在本世纪才兴起.其中,水星和地球在磁层上(尤其是结构以及驱动模式)最为相似,对它的研究可以帮助我们更好地理解亚暴以及磁暴现象的本质,验证或修正原有的空间物理学观点.随着信使号(MESSENGER)的发射以及入轨探测,长期稳定的磁场、等离子体原位观测数据使得关于水星磁层的深入研究得到长足的发展.本文回顾了近十余年以来,对于水星磁层亚暴以及磁暴现象的研究进展.Magnetospheric substorms and magnetic storms are explosive energy storage and release processes occurring during the interactions between the solar wind and planetary magnetospheres.They are accompanied by complex plasma dynamics processes and they have strong impacts on the magnetosphere as well as on the planet.They are the most well-known space weathering events in Earth's magnetosphere.Their occurrences not only trig-ger brilliant and colorful auroras through energetic particle precipitation,but also can influence our daily life since intense energetic particles and strong electromagnetic field disturbances are generated.Energetic particles in high latitude ionosphere and magnetosphere are a threat to the satellites in orbit.The strong electromagnetic field dis-turbances on the high latitude magnetosphere induced by the field-aligned currents can influence and even destroy power and telecommunication infrastructure on the ground.While substorms and magnetic storms on Earth's mag-netosphere have been described and studied for nearly a century,the substorms and magnetic storms on other pla-nets have only just started in this century.Among them,Mercury and Earth are the most similar in the aspect of the magnetosphere(especially in structure and driving mode),and the study about magnetospheric substorms and mag-netic storms can help us better understand the nature of magnetospheric substorms and magnetic storms,and verify or disprove the theory and explanations derived from the Earth's study.With the launch of MESSENGER and its in-orbit exploration,the long-term in-situ observations of magnetic field and plasma have led to a significant develop-ment of the in-depth investigation of Mercury's magnetosphere.In this paper,we review the progress of research on magnetospheric substorms and magnetic storms on Mercury in the last decade.

关 键 词：水星磁层 磁层亚暴 磁暴 

分 类 号：P352[天文地球—空间物理学]