不同中华鳖养殖模式浮游植物功能群特征及水环境评价  

Phytoplankton Community Structure and Water Environment Evaluation in Different Culture Modes of Pelodiscus sinensis

作　　者：侯德昌 张莹莹 魏文志[1] HOU De-chang;ZHANG Ying-ying;WEI Wen-zhi(College of Animal Science and Technology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jian-gsu 225009)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2022年第9期96-99,170,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省海洋与渔业科技创新与推广(Y2018-24)。

摘　　要：为探究不同中华鳖养殖模式中水环境的状况,对不同中华鳖养殖模式的浮游植物功能群特征和水环境进行分析和评价,为中华鳖的养殖生产和尾水处理提供指导。通过逐月检测中华鳖高密度养殖、生态养殖、莲鳖套养、菱鳖套养4种养殖模式的水质指标和浮游植物群落结构,结果显示,莲鳖套养模式中透明度(SD)最高(P<0.05),高密度养殖模式亚硝酸氮(NO_(2)^(-)-N)、总磷(TP)、化学需氧量(COD_(Mn))和叶绿素a(Chl a)最高(P<0.05),菱鳖套养模式氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、总氮(TN)最高(P<0.05),RDA分析显示影响浮游植物功能群分布的主要环境因子为Chl a、TP、SD、COD_(Mn)、DO。4种中华鳖养殖模式共检测出9个门54属浮游植物,浮游植物的丰度为高密度养殖>生态养殖>莲鳖套养>菱鳖套养,在4种养殖模式中,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰度指数和Pielou均匀度指数呈现相同的趋势,莲鳖套养和生态养殖优于高密度养殖和菱鳖套养模式,浮游植物优势功能群高密度养殖为S1、M和P,生态养殖为Lo、J和Y,莲鳖套养为Y、J和W1,菱鳖套养为Lo和J,表明生态养殖和莲鳖套养水环境状况较好,高密度养殖最差。In order to explore the water environment of different culture modes of Chinese soft-shelled turtle(Pelodiscus sinensis), the characteristics of phytoplankton functional group and water environment were analyzed and evaluated in this experiment, providing guidance for the culture production and the treatment of tail water of Pelodiscus sinensis. The water quality indices and phytoplankton community structure of four breeding patterns i.e., high-density farming of Pelodiscus sinensis, ecological farming, lotus-pelodiscus farming, water chestnut-pelodiscus farming, were detected monthly. The results showed that transparency(SD) of lotus-pelodiscus farming was the highest(P < 0.05), and the highest values of nitrite nitrogen(NO_(2)^(-)-N), total phosphorus(TP), chemical oxygen demand(COD_(Mn)) and chlorophyll a(Chl a) were found in high density farming, while the highest values of ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N) and total nitrogen(TN) were found in water chestnut-pelodiscus farming(P < 0.05). RDA analysis showed that the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of phytoplankton functional groups were Chl a, TP, SD, COD_(Mn)and DO. A total of 54 genera of phytoplankton belonging to 9 phyla were detected in four culture modes of Pelodiscus sinensis, and the abundance of phytoplankton was high density farming> ecological farming> lotus-pelodiscus farming > water chestnut-pelodiscus farming. Similarly, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef abundance index and Pielou evenness index all showed the same trend among the four breeding patterns. Thus, the lotus-pelodiscus farming and ecological farming were better than the high density farming and water chestnut-pelodiscus farming. The dominant functional groups of phytoplankton were S1, M and P in high density farming, Lo, J and Y in ecological farming, Y, J and W1 in lotus-pelodiscus farming, Lo and J in water chestnut-pelodiscus farming. Experimental data indicate that ecological farming and lotus-pelodiscus farming of aquaculture model were better than

关 键 词：中华鳖 浮游植物 功能群 水环境 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]