牦牛早期断奶及其对犊牛影响的研究进展  

The Research Progress on Early Weaning of Yak and its Influence on Calves

作　　者：张翔飞 官久强[1] 涂永强 安添午[1] 赵洪文[1] 熊晓兰 杨平贵[1] 魏佳 李华德[1] 柏琴 沙泉 谢荣清[1] 罗晓林[1] Zhang Xiangfei;Guan Jiuqiang;Tu Yongqiang;An Tianwu;Zhao Hongwen;Xiong Xiaolan;Yang Pinggui;Wei Jia;Li Huade;Bai Qin;Sha Quan;Xie Rongqing;Luo Xiaolin(Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences,Chengdu 611743,China;Animal Husbandry Station of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province,Kangding 626099,China;Bureau of Science,Technology,Agriculture and Animal Husbandry of Hongyuan County,Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province,Hongyuan 624400,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省草原科学研究院,四川成都611743 [2]四川省甘孜藏族自治州畜牧站,四川康定626099 [3]四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州红原县科学技术和农业畜牧局,四川红原624400

出　　处：《草学》2022年第2期65-70,共6页Journal of Grassland and Forage Science

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0302);四川省科技厅应用基础研究项目(2020YJ0471);四川省公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目“牦牛母体及犊牛对围产期营养调控的代谢响应机制研究”;国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系(CARS-37);青海省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2022ZY019)共同资助。

摘　　要：牦牛产业在青藏高原高寒牧区中占有不可替代的社会、生态和经济地位,而犊牛培育是牦牛产业可持续高效发展的关键。目前犊牦牛培育仍多以传统的随母放牧哺乳方式为主,存在断奶晚、死亡率高、生长发育缓慢等问题。本文从生长发育、营养代谢、瘤胃微生物菌群建立及发酵功能等方面出发,探讨了早期断奶模式在犊牦牛早期培育中的应用效果,以期为犊牦牛早期断奶技术研究与生产实践提供参考。Yak plays an irreplaceable social,ecological and economic role in the pastoral area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and calf nursing is the key to the sustainable and efficient development of yak industry.At present,the traditional way of breast feeding with grazing dam is still widely used in the yak calves nursing,which has some problems such as long weaning period,high mortality and slow growth.The application effect of early weaning strategy in early cultivation of yak calves was discussed from the aspects of growth,nutrition metabolism,establishment of rumen microflora and fermentation function in this paper,with the purpose of providing reference for research and practical application of early weaning technology of yak calves.

关 键 词：犊牦牛 早期断奶 生长发育 营养代谢 瘤胃微生物 

分 类 号：S823.85[农业科学—畜牧学]