50份毛叶苕子品种(系)在青海作秋绿肥的能力评价  

Capability evaluation of 50 hairy vetch cultivars(lines)as autumn green manure in Qinghai Province,Northwest China

作　　者：陈子英 常单娜 韩梅 李正鹏 严清彪 周国朋 孙小凤 曹卫东[2] CHEN Zi-ying;CHANG Dan-na;HAN Mei;LI Zheng-peng;YAN Qing-biao;ZHOU Guo-peng;SUN Xiao-feng;CAO Wei-dong(Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai,810016,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农林科学院土壤肥料研究所,青海西宁810016 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2022年第4期701-714,共14页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部—国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-22);中国农业科学院科技创新工程;国家作物种质资源库绿肥分库(NCGRC-2021-19);农业农村部绿肥种质资源的收集、鉴定、编目、繁种与入库保存项目(19210161);青海省农业科学院基金项目(2019-NKY-06)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】毛叶苕子是重要的肥饲兼用绿肥作物。分析不同品种毛叶苕子产草量及氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)吸收能力,以期筛选出适宜青海地区绿肥栽培的品种(系)。【方法】在田间条件下,分析了50份毛叶苕子品种(系)分枝期和初花期地上部生物量和N、P、K累积量,及土壤速效养分含量变化。运用主成分分析和聚类分析评价不同毛叶苕子N、P、K吸收能力。【结果】供试毛叶苕子初花期鲜草产量及N、P、K累积量分别为18.35~46.94 t/hm^(2)、101.51~278.98 kg/hm^(2)、10.39~29.80 kg/hm^(2)和59.33~157.54 kg/hm^(2)。毛荚野苕子初花期鲜草产量最高,比当地主栽品种青苕1号提高了61.47%。78-14品系N、P、K累积量均最高,比青苕1号分别提高了92.81%、67.51%和86.50%。分枝期和初花期鲜重、干重和N、P、K累积量以及鲜重增长量和干重增长量的主成分分析显示排名前5的资源分别为78-14、苕藤选、毛荚野苕子、山东早熟苕和78-171苕子,78-14得分最高(4.85),苏联苕子得分最低(−5.06)。聚类分析结果显示,N、P、K吸收能力可聚为强、较强、中等、一般4类。N素吸收能力强、较强、中等、一般的分别有1、12、15、22份资源。P素吸收能力强、较强、中等、一般的分别有4、24、6、16份资源。K素吸收能力强、较强、中等、一般的分别有4、12、19、15份资源。N、P、K吸收能力最强的资源平均吸收量分别达到278.98、27.94和145.91 kg/hm^(2)。与播前比,种植毛叶苕子降低分枝期和初花期土壤无机氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,能够充分利用休闲期土壤养分。【结论】在青海农田中,不同品种(系)毛叶苕子在生物量和养分吸收能力方面表现出较大差异,综合来看,品系78-14在生物量及N、P、K吸收能力均表现突出,苕藤选、毛荚野苕子表现出较好的P、K吸收能力,可作为青海农区有潜力的绿肥备选资源在生产中验证。【Objectives】Hairy vetch(Vicia villosa Roth.)is one of China’s most important fertilizer and forage dual-purpose green manure crops.The nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)accumulation and aboveground biomass of different hairy vetch cultivars(lines)were investigated to select those suitable for green manure cultivation in the Qinghai area.【Methods】The N,P,and K accumulation and aboveground biomass of 50 cultivars(lines)and soil nutrients were analyzed under field conditions at the branching and initial flowering stages.Hairy vetch’s N,P,and K absorption capacity were evaluated using principal component and cluster analysis.【Results】The range of values recorded for fresh grass yield,N,P,and K accumulation was 18.35-46.94 t/hm^(2),101.51-278.98 kg/hm^(2),10.39-29.80 kg/hm^(2),and 59.33-157.54 kg/hm^(2),respectively,for hairy vetch cultivars at the initial flowering stage.Cultivar‘Maojiayeshaozi’had the highest fresh yield and‘78-14’had the highest N,P,and K accumulation capacity.The yield and N,P,and K accumulation in‘Maojiayeshaozi’exceed the main local‘Qingshao 1’by 61.47%,92.81%,67.51%,and 86.50%,respectively.Principal component analysis showed that the top five cultivars were‘78-14’,‘Shaotengxuan’,‘Maojiayeshaozi’,‘Shandongzaoshushao’,and‘78-171 shaozi’.Moreover,‘78-14’had the highest score(4.85)while‘Soviet Union shaozi’had the lowest score(−5.06).Cluster analysis showed that the absorption capacity of N,P,and K clustered into four groups in each case.For N,the high,higher,medium,and general absorption capacities were recorded for 1 cultivar,12 cultivars,15 cultivars,and 22 cultivars.For P,the high,higher,medium,and general absorption capacities were observed for 4 cultivars,24 cultivars,6 cultivars,and 16 cultivars.For K,the high,higher,medium,and general absorption capacities were recorded for 4 cultivars,12 cultivars,19 cultivars,and 15 cultivars.The group with high N,P,and K absorption capacities recorded 278.98,27.94,and 145.91 kg/hm^(2),

关 键 词：毛叶苕子 养分吸收能力 主成分分析 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S551.2[农业科学—作物学]