手术室强迫侧俯卧位患者压疮发生的危险因素及预防措施分析  

Analysis of risk factors and preventive measures for pressure ulcer in patients with forced lateral prone position in operating room

作　　者：李春艳 赵雪梅 卢彩侠 LI Chunyan;ZHAO Xuemei;LU Caixia(Mianxian Hospital,Hanzhong 724200;Hanzhong Central Hospital,Hanzhong 723000,China)

机构地区：[1]勉县医院,陕西汉中724200 [2]汉中市中心医院,陕西汉中723000

出　　处：《临床医学研究与实践》2022年第14期177-180,共4页Clinical Research and Practice

摘　　要：目的分析手术室强迫侧俯卧位患者压疮发生的危险因素,并探讨强迫侧俯卧位手术中压疮的预防措施。方法选取2017年1月至2021年1月于我院实施强迫侧俯卧位手术的100例患者,根据术中是否发生压疮分为观察组(50例,发生压疮)和对照组(50例,未发生压疮)。比较两组患者的临床资料;分析影响强迫侧俯卧位手术中压疮发生的危险因素。结果单因素分析显示,两组的性别比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组的年龄、体质量指数、压疮史、糖尿病、吸烟史、术前血清白蛋白、手术时间、麻醉持续时间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistics回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁、体质量指数≥25 kg/m^(2)、压疮史、糖尿病、吸烟史、术前血清白蛋白<25 g/L、手术时间≥2 h、麻醉持续时间≥2 h是强迫侧俯卧位手术中压疮发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。压疮预防护理措施实施后,患者的舒适度评分、焦虑评分、抑郁评分、入睡潜伏期、实际睡眠时长、睡眠质量评分、生活质量评分均优于实施前(P<0.05)。结论强迫侧俯卧位手术患者术中易发生压疮,压疮的发生主要与年龄、体质量指数、压疮史、糖尿病、吸烟史、术前血清白蛋白水平、手术时间、麻醉持续时间等因素有关,故临床需根据压疮发生的危险因素对患者实施针对性的预防措施。Objective To analyze the risk factors of pressure ulcers in patients with forced lateral prone position in operating room,and to explore the preventive measures for pressure ulcers during forced lateral prone position surgery.Methods A total of 100 patients who underwent forced lateral prone position surgery in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2021 were selected and divided into observation group(50 cases,with pressure ulcers)and control group(50 cases,no pressure ulcers).The clinical data of the two groups of patients were compared;the risk factors affecting the occurrence of pressure ulcers during the forced lateral prone position were analyzed.Results Univariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference in gender between the two groups(P>0.05);there were significant differences in age,body mass index,history of pressure ulcer,diabetes,smoking history,preoperative serum albumin,operative time and duration of anesthesia between the two groups(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistics regression analysis showed that age≥60 years old,body mass index≥25 kg/m^(2),history of pressure ulcers,diabetes,smoking history,preoperative serum albumin<25 g/L,operation time≥2 h,and duration of anesthesia≥2 h were risk factors for the occurrence of pressure ulcers in forced lateral prone position surgery(P<0.05).After the implementation of pressure ulcer prevention and nursing measures,the patients'comfort score,anxiety score,depression score,sleep latency,actual sleep duration,sleep quality score,and quality of life score were better than those before implementation(P<0.05).Conclusion Pressure ulcers are prone to occur in patients undergoing forced lateral prone position surgery,and the occurrence of pressure ulcers are mainly related to factors such as age,body mass index,history of pressure ulcers,diabetes,smoking history,preoperative serum albumin,operation time,and duration of anesthesia,therefore,clinical preventive measures should be taken according to the risk factor of pressure sore.

关 键 词：手术室 强迫侧俯卧位 压疮 危险因素 预防措施 

分 类 号：R473.5[医药卫生—护理学]