语言系统双接口模型——基于WH-问句的研究  

Dual Interfaces of the Faculty of Language: A Study Based on WH-questions

作　　者：宁春岩 NING Chunyan(the College of Foreign Languages,Hunan University)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学外国语学院

出　　处：《当代语言学》2022年第2期159-174,共16页Contemporary Linguistics

摘　　要：无论自发性非法的WH-问句还是人工杜撰的非法的WH-问句,都可在与其对位的合法WH-问句中找到意义依托,因此非法的WH-问句之所以非法,不是因为它没有意义,而是因为对意义做了不恰当的表达。尤其是那些在一种语言中非法而在其他语言中合法的WH-问句所依托的意义,受ECP等规则限制,不能外化(拼读)出符合语法的表层结构,继而推导不出CI接口处的LF/SEM表达式,结果出现了作为意义系统的CI缺失,泯灭了LF/SEM普遍语法性和CI的不同语言使用者间的共享互通性。在这种只有与外化后的LF/SEM相接的单接口模型中,非法WH-问句所依托的意义找不到归宿,混淆了有没有意义和是不是对意义恰当表达这两种情况。为克服单接口模型的这些缺憾,本研究把合法WH-问句恰当表达出来的意义和与其对应的非法WH-问句所依托的意义,看成WH-问句外化表达前共有的WH-意义或思想。作为WH-问句意义源的WH-思想应为所有人类语言使用者共有,包括那些因WH-问句非法而无法推导出LF/SEM的语言使用者。为此,本研究提出一个内语言外化前与CI接口的LF/SEM及外化后与CI接口的LF/SEM的双接口语言系统模型。外化前那个接口称作“内-概念接口”,外化后的那个称作“外-语言接口”。WH-意义表达由合并生成的、表达WH-问句特征的WH-概念层级结构,即WH-问句的算子-变量结构表达。和单接口模型相比,双接口模型中出现了一个语言外化前或者语言获得前人类语言所有WH-问句的LF/SEM表征接口,此接口处无PHON接口陪伴,同时还出现了语言外化后或获得后只从合法WH-问句推导出来的LF/SEM表征接口,此接口与PHON接口同现。合法WH-问句和非法WH-问句的共享语义均在外化前的LF/SEM接口得以表达,而只有合法的WH-问句的语义在外化后的LF/SEM接口处得以表达。Either spontaneous ungrammatical WH-questions or artificially fabricated ungrammatical WH-questions are encoded with their meaning referral in their grammatical counterparts. The fact that an ungrammatical WH-question is ungrammatical is not attributed to the lack of meaning but to an inexpedient way of expressing the meaning. This is particularly true in cases where ungrammatical WH-questions in a given language having meaning referral in their grammatical counterparts in other languages cannot be externalized as well-formed representations at SS from which LF/SEM is derived due to violation of ECP-like constraints. Consequently, the LF/SEM is present for grammatical WH-questions whereas absent for their pairing ungrammatical ones, within the post-externalization LF/SEM interface model. To compensate for the absent LF/SEM caused by the mono-LF/SEM interface, the present study proposes a dual interface model with a pre-externalization SEM interface in addition to the post-externalization SEM’ interface. SEM hosts Merge-generated WH-Conceptual Hierarchical Structures for all possible WH-questions in human languages as the semantic resource of both grammatical and ungrammatical WH-questions on one hand and, SEM’ as a reconstructed version of SEM hosts only grammatical WH-questions on the other.The pre-externalization SEM is human-uniquely innate and constructed concomitantly with the emergence of Merge with its evolutionary origin in holistic cognitive event/state propositions of nonhuman animals. The ECP-like constraints as proposed in the GB era are not interface conditions on the pre-externalization SEM but on the post-internalization SEM’. When the copy mechanism instead of WH-movement is applied, it is confronted with a pronunciation problem in externalization if the WH-copies are full copies of feature bag of wh-features as evidenced in a wh-in-situ language like Chinese. Thus, the copy theory can be modified in such a way that the fronted copy to be pronounced is a copy of the WH-interrogative feature

关 键 词：意义依托 LF/SEM接口 WH-问句概念层级结构 非法WH-问句 

分 类 号：H314.3[语言文字—英语] H146.3