木质素多孔碳材料在电化学储能中的应用  

Applications of Lignin-Derived Porous Carbons for Electrochemical Energy Storage

作　　者：王才威 杨东杰[1,2] 邱学青 张文礼 Caiwei Wang;Dongjie Yang;Xueqing Qiu;Wenli Zhang(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640,China;Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals,Guangzhou 510640,China;School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学化学与化工学院,广州510640 [2]广东省绿色精细化学产品工程技术研究开发中心,广州510640 [3]广东工业大学轻工与化工学院,广州510006 [4]广东省植物资源生物炼制重点实验室,广州510006

出　　处：《化学进展》2022年第2期285-300,共16页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2018YFB1501503);国家自然科学基金项目(No.22038004,21878114);广东省重点领域研发计划(No.2020B1111380002);广东省自然科学基金项目(No.2017A030308012,2018B030311052)资助。

摘　　要：木质素可再生资源成本低、含碳量高、芳香度高和易集中收集,被认为是具备潜力大规模工业化制备新型多孔碳材料的重要碳质原料之一,对缓解化石资源消耗及可持续发展具有重大的意义。多孔碳材料具有较高的电导率、较高的比表面积、丰富的孔道结构及良好的稳定性等特点,作为储能材料有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了模板法、活化法及水热法制备木质素多孔碳材料的国内外最新研究进展,详细总结了不同热解工艺参数对木质素多孔碳材料微观结构的影响规律,重点阐述了其作为锂离子电池、钠离子电池和超级电容器电极材料的研究进展。针对功能化木质素多孔碳材料制备工艺复杂及储能性能差等瓶颈问题,提出离子/电子扩散动力学的优化、多种储能机制的协同作用和绿色、简便制备工艺的开发等研究策略,指出研发先进炭化技术构筑合理分级孔径结构,精准调控适宜层间距且高度有序排列碳层、功能化改性表面微环境及直接构建炭化工艺参数与电化学性能之间的因效关系是制备高储能性能木质素多孔碳材料的未来研究方向。Lignin is a renewable resource with the advantages of low cost, high carbon content, high aromaticity and easy collection. Lignin is regarded as one of the most important raw carbonaceous materials for industry to prepare new porous carbon materials in a large scale. It is of great strategic significance to alleviate the consumption of fossil fuel resources and deepen the sustainable development. Porous carbon materials have an extraordinary application prospect in the fields of energy storage materials, because of their high conductivity, high specific surface area, abundant porosity, excellent stability, etc. In this review, the latest research advances and developments for the preparation of lignin-derived porous carbon materials(LPCM) by template, activation and hydrothermal methods are reviewed pivotally. Meanwhile, the influences of pyrolysis parameters on the micro-structure of LPCM are summarized in detail. Furthermore, the applications of LPCM as the electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries and supercapacitors are illustrated emphatically. However, there exist some bottlenecks that the preparation processes of LPCM are complicated and their energy storage performances are relatively poor. Thus, the optimization of ion/electron diffusion kinetics, the synergistic effect of multiple energy storage mechanisms and the development of the green and facile preparation processes are proposed to conquer these challenges. The development of advanced carbonization techniques to construct the reasonable hierarchical porous structure, precise regulating the suitable interlayer spacing and the highly ordered arrangement of carbon layers, functionally modifying surface microenvironment, and the direct establishment of the relationship between carbonization parameters and electrochemical performance are the research directions to prepare LPCM with the high energy storage performances in the future.

关 键 词：木质素 制备 碳材料 锂离子电池 钠离子电池 超级电容器 

分 类 号：O636[理学—高分子化学] TK6[理学—化学]