非富勒烯受体DA′D型稠环单元的结构修饰及电池性能研究  

Recent Progress on Solar Cell Performance Based on Structural Tailoring on DA′D Units of Nonfullerene Acceptors

作　　者：薛朝鲁门 刘宛茹 白图雅[1] 韩明梅[1] 莎仁[1] 詹传郎 Chaolumen Xue;Wanru Liu;Tuya Bai;Mingmei Han;Ren Sha;Chuanlang Zhan(Key Laboratory of Excitonic Materials Chemistry and Devices(EMC&D),College of Chemistry and Environmental Science,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010022,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学化学与环境科学学院激子材料化学与器件重点实验室,呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《化学进展》2022年第2期447-459,共13页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.91433202);内蒙古科技攻关项目(No.2020GG0192);“草原英才”项目、内蒙古师范大学(No.112/1004031962);内蒙古自治区研究生科研创新计划(No.S20191238Z)资助。

摘　　要：近年来,设计和合成高性能非富勒烯受体(NFAs)材料已经成为太阳能电池研究领域的前沿课题。基于DA′D型稠环结构的NFAs由于具有吸光系数高、能级和带隙可调、结构易于修饰、分子可高效合成、光电学性能优异等优点而受到了越来越广泛的关注。在短短7年的时间里,能量转换效率(PCE)从3%~4%提高到18%。2019年初邹应萍等报道了一个优秀的受体分子Y6,与PM6共混制备单结电池,获得了15.7%的能量转换效率。Y6类受体材料的中心给电子单元为DA′D型稠环结构,缺电子单元(A′)通过氮原子与两个给电子单元(D)并联形成稠环结构,这有助于降低前线分子轨道能级并增强吸收,同时与氮相连的两个烷基链和位于噻吩并噻吩β位的两个侧链则有助于提高溶解度及调节结晶性。自Y6问世以来,人们对分子的结构剪裁进行了深入的研究,并报道了数十种新的结构。在这些新的受体中,DA′D部分的结构裁剪对提高器件效率和太阳能电池的性能起着至关重要的作用。本文对A′、D单元和侧链结构修饰的研究进展进行了综述。通过选择几组受体,对最近报道的分子进行分类,并将它们的光学、电化学、电学和光电性质与精确的结构修饰相关联,从而对结构-性能关系进行全面概述。In the recent years,designing and synthesizing high-performance nonfullerene acceptor(NFA)materials have become the mainstream on research of organic solar cells(OSCs).Fused-ring based NFAs show high absorption coefficients,adjustable energy levels and bandgaps,straightforward synthesis,and excellent electrical and photovoltaic properties.The power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)have been increased from 3%~4%to 18%just in 7 years.In 2019,Zou et al.reported a smart acceptor molecule,named Y6,which supplied a very impressive PCE of 15.7%when pairing with PM6.Y6 and its analogs were featured with DA′D type fused-ring as the central electron-donating(D)units.The electron-accepting(A′)unit was fused through nitrogen with two D units,which helped to downshift the Frontier molecular orbitals and enhance light absorption.Again,the steric effect between the two N-linked alkyl chains and the decorated chains on the fused thienothiophene-β-positions helped to increase the solubility and tune crystallinity.After the report of the smart Y6,intense investigations have been made on structure cutting of the molecule and tens of new structures have been reported.Among these new acceptors,structural tailoring on the DA′D moiety plays a vital role in improving device efficiency and solar cell performance.In this review,we focus on the recent advances on the structural modifications on A′and D units and side chains.We set up several sets of acceptors,by which we classify the recently reported molecules and correlate their optical,electrochemical,electrical and photovoltaic properties with the precise structural modulations so as to present a comprehensive review on the structure-property relationship.

关 键 词：DA′D单元 非富勒烯 小分子 受体材料 有机太阳能电池 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TM914.4[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]