基于气象因子匹配的贵州烟区适宜移栽期研究  

Research on the Suitable Transplanting Period of Guizhou Tobacco Study on Suitable Transplanting Period in Guizhou Tobacco Area Based on the Matching of Meteorological Factors

作　　者：王程栋[1] 李想 付生华 徐健 陈丽萍 王克敏 穆东升 焦剑[2] 孙光军[2] Wang Chengdong;Li Xiang;Fu Shenghua;Xu Jian;Chen Liping;Wang Kemin;Mu Dongsheng;Jiao Jian;Sun Guangjun(Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Ministry of Agriculture,Qingdao,Shandong 266101,China;Guizhou Tobacco Company,China National Tobacco Corporation,Guiyang,Guizhou 550000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,山东青岛266101 [2]中国烟草总公司贵州省公司,贵州贵阳550000

出　　处：《山地农业生物学报》2022年第3期7-16,共10页Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860597);中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技中烟黔科项目([201907]、[201911])。

摘　　要：本研究采用2000—2015年气象站点数据,分析贵州不同烟区主要气象因子的时间、空间动态特征,结合烤烟种植适宜条件与省外邻近烟区进行比较,解析贵州烟区气象条件的生态适宜性,阐明贵州烟区大田不同生育期的主要气象资源匹配、限制问题,并提出相应的农艺解决措施。结果表明:(1)贵州烟区对比邻近烟区日均气温总体呈现先升高后下降的趋势,日均气温变异系数在前期和后期较高,中期相对稳定;黔西地区日均气温未满足烤烟生育期内对热量条件的要求;(2)贵州烟区及对比烟区降水基本集中在年积日(day of the year,DOY)121~271的时间范围内,该时期降水量变异系数也相对较低且变幅较小,降水总量为838.51 mm,满足了烤烟不同生育期对降水的需求;(3)贵州烟区日照时数在DOY 1~181和DOY 271~361时间范围内明显偏低,变异系数偏大;在DOY 182~270的时间范围内日照时数及其变异系数与对比烟区基本吻合;(4)与对比烟区相比,相同时间贵州烟区相对湿度偏高,尤其以DOY 1~166和DOY 286~361时间段内差异显著;(5)基于气候资源匹配下烤烟生育期时间优化研究后,黔北地区4月20日左右、黔东地区4月26日左右、黔南和黔中地区4月21-26日左右、黔西地区5月1日左右是当地烤烟适宜移栽期。综上,依据区域内不同地区主要气象指标的动态特征,结合地膜覆盖、群体结构调整等栽培措施,将烤烟移栽期适当前移有利于烤烟的优质生产,本研究为合理确定不同地区烤烟适宜移栽期提供了理论依据。This study used meteorological station data from 2000 to 2015 to analyze the temporal and spatial dynamic characteristics of the main meteorological factors in different tobacco areas in Guizhou.Combined with the comparison of the suitable conditions for flue-cured tobacco planting and neighboring tobacco areas outside the province,this paper analyzed the ecological suitability of the meteorological conditions in Guizhou tobacco areas.This study also clarified the main meteorological resource matching and restriction problems in different growth stages of tobacco,and proposed corresponding agronomic solutions in Guizhou.The results showed that compared with the neighboring tobacco areas,the average daily temperature in Guizhou tobacco area generally showed a trend of first increase and then decrease.The coefficient of variation of the average daily temperature was higher in the early and late stages,and relatively stable in the middle stage.The average daily temperature in Qianxi area did not meet the requirements for heat conditions during the growth period of flue-cured tobacco.The precipitation in the Guizhou tobacco area and neighboring tobacco areas was basically concentrated in the time range of day of the year(DOY)121-271,and the coefficient of variation of precipitation during this period was also relatively low and the variation was small.The total precipitation was 838.51 mm,which satisfied the requirements of flue-cured tobacco in different growth periods.The sunshine hours in Guizhou tobacco areas were obviously lower in the time range of DOY 1-181 and DOY 271-361,the coefficient of variation was too large,and the sunshine hours were basically consistent with the comparison areas in the time range of DOY 182-270.Compared with the comparison tobacco areas,the relative humidity of Guizhou tobacco areas was higher at the same time,especially in the periods of DOY 1-166 and DOY 286-361.Based on the research on the optimization of the growth period of flue-cured tobacco under the matching of climate resour

关 键 词：烤烟 移栽期 气象因子 匹配 农艺措施 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]