遗产管理人的地位与功能阐释——实体与程序规制互济的视角  

Interpretation of the Status and Function of Heritage Administrator—From the Perspective of Both Substantive and Procedural Regulation

作　　者：马丁[1] Ma Ding

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院

出　　处：《交大法学》2022年第3期28-42,共15页SJTU Law Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“诉与民事实体权利之间关系的理论及其应用研究”(项目编号:18BFX067)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：《民法典》确立的遗产管理人制度有利于死者遗产的规范、有序处置,但部分规定的妥当性值得思考。继承人放弃继承情况下由民政部门或村委会担任遗产管理人的规定既与生活逻辑不符也会在诉讼中产生问题,此种情况下最适合担任遗产管理人的首推死者近亲属。由此反映出的一个深层次问题是遗产管理人的功能定位和法律地位仍有模糊不明之处。遗产管理人不是为特定人或者特定财产履行职责,而是为妥善了结死者遗留的财产方面事务。为有效实现此功能,需要赋予他特定的民事主体地位和诉讼当事人身份。立法与实践问题反映出对民事规制和司法规制的内在联系认识不足。民法上的制度设计理应关照司法领域的运用,司法上的构造和安排也应有效回应民事生活需求。只有打破隔阂、实现对两个领域的整体思考,才能确保遗产管理人制度的有效运行。The heritage administrator system established in the civil code is conducive to the orderly disposal of the deceased's heritage,but the appropriateness of some provisions is worth thinking about.The provision that the civil affairs department or the village committee will act as the heritage administrator when the heir abandons inheritance is inconsistent with the logic of life and will also cause problems in litigation.In this case,the close relatives of the deceased are the most suitable to act as the heritage administrator.A deep-seated problem reflected by this is that the functional orientation and legal status of heritage administrator are still unclear.It is not the person who performs the specific duties of the deceased or the bequeath,but the person who properly manages the property.In order to effectively realize this function,it is necessary to endow him with specific civil subject status and litigant status.The problems of legislation and practice reflect the lack of understanding of the internal relationship between civil and judicial regulation.The design of civil law should pay attention to the application in judicial field,and the judicial structure and arrangement should also effectively respond to the needs of civil life.Only by breaking the estrangement and realizing the overall thinking of the two fields can we ensure the effective operation of the heritage administrator system.

关 键 词：遗产管理人 继承人 近亲属 实体规制 程序规制 

分 类 号：D923.5[政治法律—民商法学]