小麦光温敏核雄性不育系异交结实分布特征  

Distribution Characteristics of Outcrossing Seed Setting of Photo-Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterile in Wheat

作　　者：侯起岭 杨卫兵 高建刚[1] 梁玉龙 张风廷[1] 赵昌平[1] 秦志列[1] Hou Qiling;Yang Weibing;Gao Jiangang;Liang Yulong;Zang Fengting;Zhao Changping;Qin Zhilie(Institute of Hybrid Wheat,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院杂交小麦研究所,北京100097

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2022年第4期17-22,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目(Z191100004019014);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20200418)。

摘　　要：本试验以小麦光温敏核雄性不育系BS206、BS212、BS366、BS1453和恢复系13GF7675为材料,研究不育系在饱和授粉(C1)、全程授粉(C2)、授粉4天(C3)处理下不同穗位和花位的异交结实及其差异,旨在了解小麦光温敏核雄性不育系异交结实的空间分布特征。结果表明,C1处理下各不育系每穗异交结实40.0~42.9粒,较C2和C3处理分别多10.8~34.8粒和18.7~38.9粒,平均有效结实小穗数分别多2.0个和4.4个。各穗位和花位每穗异交结实总体表现为中部>下部>上部和第1位≈第2位>第3位>第4位小花,穗位间和花位间每穗异交结实大多存在显著差异,但第1位和第2位小花每穗异交结实差异均不显著。处理间中部和下部穗位以及第1和第2位小花异交结实差异是不同处理每穗异交结实变化的主要原因,第3位小花异交结实的变化对C1和C2处理间每穗异交结实差异的影响也较大。因此,应针对不同不育系采用适宜的人工辅助制种措施,以有效提高异交结实,发挥最大异交结实潜力。In this experiment, wheat photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile(PTGMS) lines BS206, BS212, BS366, BS1453 and restorer line 13 GF7675 were used to study the outcrossing difference of different panicle and flower positions of male sterile lines under the treatments of saturated pollination(C1), whole pollination(C2) and 4 days of pollination(C3), in order to understand the spatial distribution characteristics of outcrossing of wheat PTGMS lines. The results showed that the outcrossing seed setting of each male sterile line under C1 treatment was 40.0~42.9 grains per panicle, which were 10.8~34.8 grains and 18.7~38.9 grains more than C2 and C3 treatments, and the average number of effective seed setting spikelets was 2.0 and 4.4 more than C2 and C3 treatments. The outcrossing seed setting at each panicle position and flower position generally showed middle>lower>upper and the first ≈ the second>the third>the fourth floret, and there were significant differences in outcrossing seed setting among panicle positions and flower positions, but there was no significant differences in outcrossing seed setting between the first and the second florets. The main reason for the difference of outcrossing seed setting between different treatments was the difference of grain setting in the middle and lower panicle positions and in the first and second florets, the change of the 3 rd floret outcrossing seed setting also had a great impact on the difference of panicle outcrossing seed setting of C1 and C2 treatments. Therefore, suitable artificial assisted seed production measures should be adopted for different male sterile lines to effectively improve outcrossing seed setting and achieve the maximum outcrossing seed setting potential.

关 键 词：小麦 光温敏核雄性不育 穗位 花位 异交结实 

分 类 号：S512.103.5[农业科学—作物学]