毒品分级管制的理论意义与制度建构  

Theoretical Significance and System Construction of Classified Narcotics Control

作　　者：包涵 BAO Han

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学侦查学院 [2]中国人民公安大学禁毒理论与政策研究中心,北京100038

出　　处：《公安学研究》2022年第1期21-45,123,共26页Journal of Public Security Science

基　　金：中国人民公安大学2021年度研究生课程建设项目“预审学”(2021yjskcjs010)。

摘　　要：毒品的概念内涵兼具自然属性和法律属性,自然属性所表达的成瘾性是规范上违法性的基础,同时也是违法程度轻重的重要判断标准。不同种类的毒品在自然属性上差异明显,对国民身心的戕害和社会秩序的危殆程度也迥然不同。域外国家或地区大多依据毒品的成瘾性、滥用可能性以及社会危害性等诸多要素,建构了相应的毒品分级管制制度,并以毒品级别划分涉毒行为的违法性质和法律责任。我国的禁毒立法并未对毒品种类进行分级,而是以分类列举的方式确定管制的类型。这一立法策略建立在毒品的自然属性基础上,未能从规范上明确界分毒品种类之间的差异,缺乏制度应有的指引和评价功能,引发了毒品在“种类—数量—评价”规则上难以穷尽等诸多问题。建立与我国法律制度框架相适应的毒品分级管制制度,是完善禁毒立法的可行路径和迫切需求。The definition of narcotics shows both natural properties and legal properties.The addictiveness in natural properties is the basis for violations of legal norms and a significant criterion for the severity of illegality.Narcotics differs significantly in its natural properties,the degree of physical and mental damage to the people,and the danger to public order.Therefore,most countries or regions have established their corresponding systems of classified narcotics control based on its addictiveness,possibility of abuse and danger to the society,and they have categorized different natures of law violation and legal liabilities based on the types of narcotics.China’s legislature of narcotics control does not classify but merely list the types of narcotics.Such legislation based on the natural properties of narcotics fails to differentiate the types of narcotics normatively,lacks the expected functions of guidance and evaluation as a system,results in that the rules of“typequantity-evaluation”cannot cover all the narcotics and so on.It is feasible but urgent for the improved antinarcotics legislation to establish China’s classified narcotics control system in accordance with its legal system framework.

关 键 词：毒品管制 分级要素 成瘾性 社会危害性 法律评价 

分 类 号：D035.30[政治法律—政治学]