秦汉乡里社会演变与国家治理的历史考察  

A Historical Examination of the Evolution of Rural Society and State Governance in the Qin and Han Dynasties

作　　者：卜宪群[1,2] Bu Xianqun

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学历史学院 [2]中国社会科学院古代史研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2022年第3期164-185,207,208,共24页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”资助项目“出土文献与秦汉社会研究”(G2608)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：乡里是秦汉国家的社会基础,也是国家治理的重要对象。在四百多年的历程中,秦汉国家在乡里治理上多有创新,开创了我国封建社会大一统中央集权国家乡里治理模式之先河。社会演变是国家治理方式转变的根本动因,国家治理方式的转变又是社会演变在政治领域里的反映。春秋战国以降的社会变革,推动了秦汉国家治理的革新,也推动了国家在乡里治理上的积极探索。在乡里社会演变过程中,国家通过对社会流动的控制与治理、对乡里社会结构变化所带来的社会问题的治理、对宗族组织兴起的管控与治理,体现了秦汉乡里社会治理的主要特点,既积累了丰富经验,也留下深刻教训。The countryside was the social foundation of the Qin and Han state,and was also an important subject of state governance.Over more than four hundred years,the Qin and Han dynasties made many innovations in rural governance,pioneering feudal China’s "grand unification" model of rural governance by the centralized state.The evolution of society was the fundamental driver of the transformation of state governance,and the transformation of state governance reflected social evolution in the political sphere.Social change occurring from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods on drove the innovation of state governance under the Qin and Han,along with the active exploration of state governance in the countryside.In the course of the evolution of rural society,the state’s control and government of social mobility,the management of social problems brought about by changes in rural social structure,and the control and management of the rise of clan organizations,embodied the distinctive features of social governance in the countryside under the Qin and Han.They provide us with both rich experience and profound lessons.

关 键 词：乡里社会 国家治理 社会流动 社会结构 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K232[政治法律—中外政治制度]