产表面活性物质的低温菌去除冬季海水中石油污染物研究  

Removal of Oil-based Pollutants in Seawater in Winter by Biosurfactant Producing Cold-adapted Bacteria

作　　者：魏丹娜 韦丹 郭平[1] 曹宾霞[1] 林建国[1] Wei Danna;Wei Dan;Guo Ping;Cao Binxia;Lin Jianguo(College of Environmental Science and Engineering of Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026;Dalian Environmental Monitoring Center,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学环境科学与工程学院,辽宁大连116026 [2]大连生态环境检测中心,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《广东化工》2022年第7期128-130,共3页Guangdong Chemical Industry

基　　金：极地船舶航行安全研究中心开放基金(3132019304),辽宁省自然基金指导计划(2019-ZD-0163),2020年大连海事大学教改项目(2020Y72)。

摘　　要：冬季发生的溢油对海洋环境危害巨大。利用低温微生物进行石油污染物修复是一种有效方法。本研究从石油污染的表层海水中筛选出一株能以石油烃为唯一碳源并且在接近海水冰点的低温下依然能保持活性的低温菌,该菌株能产生表面活性物质促进石油烃降解。实验结果表明,在低温下该菌株能利用多种碳源产生表面活性剂,其中以正十六烷和柴油为唯一碳源时发酵液的表面张力可分别降低到28和35 mN/m。在接近海水冰点的条件下,经过90 d的培养,该菌株可将海水中的柴油降解33%,添加生物表面活性剂后可将降解率提高到39%。Oil spills in winter pose a great hazard to marine environment. Nowadays microbial remediation by introducing cold-adapted bacteria is becoming a promising technology to treat oil pollution at low temperature. A cold-adapted stain with the oil-degrading and biosurfactant-producing abilities was isolated from surface seawater. At low temperature(freezing point), The stain could produced biosurfactant with different carbon source, and the surface tense lowed to 28 and 35 mN/m with n-hexadecane and diesel oil as sole carbon respectively. Up to 33 % of diesel oil in the seawater was degraded in 90 days. After the addition of biosurfactant, the effect of degradation increased to 39 %.

关 键 词：低温 石油降解菌 溢油 修复 生物表面活性物质 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]