空天领域气凝胶研究与应用进展  

Research status and application prospect of aerogels in the aerospace field

作　　者：裴雨辰[1] 张晚林 李文静[1] 刘圆圆 雷朝帅 张恩爽[1] 张昊[1] Pei Yuchen;Zhang Wanlin;Li Wenjing;Liu Yuanyuan;Lei Chaoshuai;Zhang Enshuang;Zhang Hao(Aerospace Institute of Advanced Material&Processing Technology,Beijing 100074,China)

机构地区：[1]航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所,北京100074

出　　处：《空天技术》2022年第1期64-73,共10页Aerospace Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(22102166)。

摘　　要：气凝胶是一种纳米多孔结构材料,具有超低密度、超低热导率等众多优异特性,在空天飞行器的领域中得到了广泛应用。目前尚无文献综述总结近年来空天领域气凝胶的最新研究进展,特别是国内在此领域的重要突破,针对这一问题,对国内外以空天应用为背景的气凝胶材料的最新研究情况和应用前景进行了全面介绍。首先对气凝胶的制备和性能进行了简要概述,重点对空天领域用耐高温、超低密度、透波等数种高性能气凝胶的研究情况进行了总结,对气凝胶在空天领域的应用现状和前景进行了介绍,最后评述了空天领域气凝胶存在的问题和未来的发展方向,对于推动空天领域气凝胶材料的发展具有一定的意义。Aerogel materials are widely used in aerospace vehicles because of their unique nanoporous physical structure,as well as the accompanying ultra-low density,super-low thermal conductivity and many other excellent characteristics.There is currently no literature review of the latest research progress of aerogels in the aerospace field in recent years,especially the important domestic breakthroughs in this field.In response to this problem,the latest research on aerogel materials at home and abroad based on aerospace applications is provided.The research situation and application prospects are comprehensively introduced herein.Firstly,a brief overview of the preparation and performance of aerogels is given,focusing on the research status of high-performance aerogels with high temperature resistance,ultra-low density and wave transmission in the aerospace field.The application prospects of the field are comprehensively introduced,and finally,the problems and future development directions of aerogels in the aerospace field are reviewed.The research is of great significance to promote the development of aerogel materials in the aerospace field.

关 键 词：气凝胶材料 空天领域 隔热 耐高温 超低密度 透波 

分 类 号：TB32[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]