保险人说明义务制度新论——基于保险合同构造和缔约过程的思考  

A New Discussion on the Insurer′s Obligation of Statement ——Based on the Insurance Contract′s Structure and Contracting Process

作　　者：李伟群 施啸波 LI Wei-qun;SHI Xiao-bo

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学保险法研究所 [2]上海交通大学

出　　处：《保险研究》2022年第1期114-127,共14页Insurance Studies

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划一般课题“法律与经济视阈下上海养老险制度创新变革研究”(项目编号:2019BFX008)。

摘　　要：《保险法》第17条仅就免责条款说明义务的违反规定了特别的法律后果,既不符合保险合同构造特征,也未必满足投保人一方的缔约需求,且已然在司法实践中造成了一定的法律适用困境。对此应当重新审视,明确保险人重点说明的对象并不只限于免责条款。在此基础上,对于不履行说明义务的法律后果,可通过修正后的缔约过失责任代替格式条款“订入控制”规则;根据行为法经济学的研究成果,对保险人说明义务的履行可从说明内容、方式和证明要求等方面进行优化。The Article 17 of the "Insurance Law" only stipulates the legal consequences for breaching the obligation to explain the exemption clause.It neither conforms to the characteristics and structure of the insurance contract, nor meet the insured′s contracting needs, and has already generated certain legal application problems in judicial practice.Therefore, it should be reconsidered and clarified that the insurer′s key explanation is not limited to the exemption clause.On the basis, the “adjusted” culpa in contrahendo can be adopted as the liability of breaching the obligation of statement to replace the standard terms rules.And based on the existing research in Behavioral Law and Economics, the performance of the insurer′s obligation of statement should be optimized in terms of contents, methods and proof requirements of statement.

关 键 词：保险人说明义务 免责条款 缔约过失责任 行为法经济学 

分 类 号：D922.284[政治法律—经济法学]