祁连山南麓汛期降水时空分布特征研究  

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Precipitation in Flood Season at the Southern Foot of Qilian Mountains

作　　者：何生录 严应存[3] 张亚珍 韩忠全 许学莲 张娟[3] HE Shenglu;YAN Yingcun;ZHANG Yazhen;HAN Zhongquan;XU Xuelian;ZHANG Juan(Golmud Meteorological Bureau,Golmud 816099,China;Qinghai Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation,Xining 810001,China;Qinghai Institute of Meteorological Science,Xining 810001,China;Jiuzhi Meteorological Bureau,Jiuzhi 814499,China)

机构地区：[1]格尔木市气象局,青海格尔木816099 [2]青海省防灾减灾重点实验室,青海西宁810001 [3]青海省气象科学研究所,青海西宁810001 [4]久治县气象局,青海久治814499

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2022年第2期116-121,共6页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：青海省科技厅项目(2021-ZJ-611);国家自然基金项目(41765008,41861049);青海省气象局面上项目(QXMS2021-32);青海省防灾减灾重点实验室开放基金。

摘　　要：利用1961-2019年祁连山南麓12个国家气象站汛期(5-9月)逐日降水资料,采用线性趋势、相关分析、ArcGIS空间分析和Morlet小波分析对祁连山南麓汛期降水时空分布特征进行分析研究。结果表明:(1)祁连山南麓汛期降水量呈显著增加趋势,降水日数呈减少趋势,7月降水量最多,8月降水强度最大。(2)汛期降水量、降水日数和降水强度均呈自西向东逐渐增加趋势,降水量高值区在门源,降水日数野牛沟最多,降水强度大通最大。(3)汛期降水集中度呈下降趋势,21世纪后降水处于均匀化状态,降水集中度存在5 a左右的短周期和20 a左右的长周期变化,空间分布呈由东向西增加趋势。(4)小雨、中雨和大雨及以上雨量随海拔高度的升高在增多,雨量分别在2751.1、2528.8和1977.4 m达到最大值;降雨量级越高,出现雨量最大值的海拔高度越低。Based on the daily precipitation data of 12 national meteorological stations at the southern foot of Qilian Mountains from 1961 to 2019,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of precipitation in flood season(May to September)were analyzed by using linear trend,correlation analysis,ArcGIS spatial analysis and Morlet wavelet analysis.The results showed:(1)The precipitation in flood season at the southern foot of Qilian Mountains showed a significant increasing trend,while the precipitation days showed a decreasing trend,with the maximum precipitation in July and the maximum precipitation intensity in August.(2)Precipitation,precipitation days and precipitation intensity increased gradually from west to east in flood season.The high value area of precipitation was in Menyuan,the largest number of precipitation days in Yeniugou and the largest precipitation intensity in Datong.(3)The precipitation concentration degree in flood season showed a downward trend.After the 21st century,the precipitation was in a state of homogenization.The precipitation concentration degree had a short period of about 5 years and a long period of about 20 years,and the spatial distribution showed an increasing trend from east to west.(4)The rainfall of light rain,moderate rain,heavy rain and above increased with altitude,and the rainfall reached the maximum at 2751.1,2528.8 and 1977.4 m,respectively.The higher the category of rainfall,the lower the altitude at which the maximum rainfall occurred.

关 键 词：汛期 降水 时空特征 祁连山南麓 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]