沈从文湘西散文的地理叙事及其演变  

The Geographic Narration and Development of Shen Congwen’s Prose about the West Hunan

作　　者：邹建军[1] 蒋士美 ZOU Jian-jun;JIANG Shi-mei(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079;School of Literature,Journalism&Communication,South-Central Minzu University,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学文学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]中南民族大学文传学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第2期133-142,共10页Journal of Lanzhou University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国新诗传播接受文献集成、研究及数据库建设(1917-1949)”(16ZDA240);湖北省教育厅人文社科项目“沈从文‘自我经典化’的四种路径”(21Y169)。

摘　　要：沈从文1930年代创作的《湘行书简》《湘行散记》和《湘西》,运用地理叙事的手法绘制出了一幅幅色彩斑斓的湘西风情图。对读这三部散文集可发现,虽然它们的描写对象同为湘西,但地理叙事的具体方式却各异其趣:《湘行书简》将绘画笔法贯穿地理叙事,通过文图互证,表达了作家的故土情与相思意;《湘行散记》以时光流转为线索,用想象勾连现实,在今昔对比之中显示出湘西历史的“常”与“变”;《湘西》则以空间变换为脉络,选取地理区域、物产资源和精神气质三个角度进行定点透视,以点带面,基本还原了湘西的本真面貌。三种差异明显的地理叙事模式,呈现出沈从文在观照湘西时的情感转换与焦点位移:个体→地方→国家。这一演变轨迹,实际上与创作主体的身份变迁密切相关,它表征着不同历史情境下作家内心特定的情感诉求、文化思考与历史期待。Shen Congwen employed the method of geographic narration to describe colorful pictures of the West Hunan in his three collections of prose written in 1930s,including Letters of the Hunan Trip(Xiangxing Shujian),Recollections of the Hunan Trip(Xiangxing Sanji)and Recollections of the West Hunan(Xiangxi).By comparison,each of them has a specific way of geographic narration with the West Hunan as the same description object.The first combines the painting style in writing with the geographic narration to express the author’s nostalgia for his native land.The second contrasts the present reality with the imagined history to reveal the“constants”and“changes”in the West Hunan history,with the changing times as the thread.The third,by selecting the changing spaces as the sequence of thought,observes this area from the fixed-point perspectives of geographic position,resources and the spiritual temperament of the locals and depicts its original appearance as a whole.The three distinct narrative methods reveal Shen’s emotional shift and focal displacement in observing the West Hunan:from the individual to the region and nation.This is closely bound up with the identity change of the writing subject,representing the author’s emotional appeal,cultural reflections and historical expectations in different contexts.

关 键 词：沈从文 湘西 散文 地理叙事 《湘行书简》 《湘行散记》 《湘西》 

分 类 号：I206.6[文学—中国文学]