基于不同投喂模式的循环水养殖系统中三级生物滤池运行效率研究  

Research on Operation Efficiency of Three-Stage Biofilter in a Recirculating Aquaculture System Under Different Feeding Modes

作　　者：孙雪倩 李丽[1,2] 董双林 侯润川[1] 赵鑫 Sun Xueqian;Li Li;Dong Shuanglin;Hou Runchuan;Zhao Xin(The Key Laboratory of Mariculture(Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China;Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China)

机构地区：[1]海水养殖教育部重点实验(中国海洋大学),山东青岛266003 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第5期32-43,共12页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划项目(2017YFE0122100)资助

摘　　要：为研究斑石鲷(Oplegnathus punctatus)循环水养殖系统(RAS)三级生物滤池的水处理效果及影响其处理效果的因素,本文测定了系统各单元的重要水质指标,使用典型判别分析法(CDA)和Pearson相关性分析法,分析了不同投喂模式下生物滤池去除水体含氮化合物的效果及其与水质因子间的相关性。研究显示,养殖池出口与生物滤池出口水体中总氨氮(TAN)、亚硝氮(NO^(-)_(2)-N)和化学需氧量(COD)差异显著(P<0.05),而硝态氮(NO^(-)_(3)-N)、溶解活性磷(SRP)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和总悬浮固体(TSS)无显著差异(P>0.05)。CDA分析表明,生物滤池对TAN有明显去除作用;相关性分析显示,TAN去除率与水中TAN浓度、温度、TN和TP呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与pH和溶解氧(DO)呈显著负相关(P<0.05);生物滤池TAN去除率人工投喂模式显著高于自动投喂机模式(P<0.05)。不同投喂模式下,养殖池TAN、NO^(-)_(2)-N和NO^(-)_(3)-N的日变化规律不同,自动投喂机模式下养殖池的水质更稳定。不同投喂模式下,生物滤池内TAN浓度及其每小时TAN去除率的变化规律与养殖池相似,日间生物滤池进水TAN负荷高时,每小时TAN去除率也高,最高达到57.05%。研究结果表明,生物滤池能有效去除废水中TAN,投喂模式可显著影响养殖系统的水质和生物滤池的运行效率。In order to determine the water treatment efficiency of the three-stage biofilter in the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) culturing Oplegnathus punctatus and identify the factors affecting its efficiency, we measured the important water quality indexes each unit of RAS. The removal efficiency of nitrogen compounds by biofilter under different feeding modes and its correlation with water quality factors were analyzed using canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) and Pearson correlation analysis. There were significant differences in total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite nitrogen (NO^(-)_(2)-N) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) between the culture tank and biofilter (P<0.05), but there was no significant differences in nitrate nitrogen (NO^(-)_(3)-N), dissolved active phosphorus (SRP), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and total suspended solids (TSS) (P>0.05). The CDA analysis indicated that biofilter of RAS can obviously remove TAN in water. Correlation analysis showed that the removal rate of TAN (RTAN) was positively correlated with TAN concentration, temperature (T), TN and TP (P <0.05), and negatively correlated with pH and DO (P<0.05). The removal rate of TAN in biofilter under artificial feeding mode was significantly higher than that under automatic feeding mode (P<0.05). The daily variation of TAN, NO^(-)_(2)-N and NO^(-)_(3)-N varied under the artificial and automatic feeding modes, and the water quality was more stable under the automatic feeding modes. Under different feeding modes, the variation law of TAN concentration in biofilter and its overall hourly TAN removal rate were similar to those in culture tank. The removal rate of TAN by the biofilter reached 57.05% with high TAN load during daytime. Our findings indicated that biofilter can effectively remove TAN from waste water, and the feeding mode can significantly affect the water quality of RAS and the operation efficiency of biofilter.

关 键 词：循环水养殖系统 生物滤池 总氨氮 水质 去除率 典型判别分析 

分 类 号：S959[农业科学—水产养殖] X703.3[农业科学—水产科学]