珠江三角洲河网流量的时空变化及影响因素  

Spatiotemporal Variation of Discharge and Its Influencing Factors in the Pearl River Delta Network Area

作　　者：黄畅 王永红[1] 杨清书 刘锋 Huang Chang;Wang Yonghong;Yang Qingshu;Liu Feng(The Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;School of Marine Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院,海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [2]中山大学海洋工程与技术学院,广东珠海519082

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第5期97-106,共10页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划项目(2016YFC0402602);国家自然科学基金项目(41376054,41176039)资助

摘　　要：珠江三角洲河网形势复杂,水沙分配变化多样。本文研究珠江三角洲河网间隔近20年(1999—2017)的16站位的同步洪枯季径流分配格局变化和原因,为防洪减灾、航道输运等河口工程和管理提供重要参考。采用洪季(1999年7月、2017年7月)与枯季(2001年2月、2016年12月)珠江河网16个重点测站同步径流量观测数据进行流量分配变化研究。结果显示:洪季河网上游流量约为30 000 m^(3)/s,是20年前的0.92倍,主要受降雨量减少的影响;枯季珠江河网上游流量为7 500 m^(3)/s,是20年前的2.3倍,主要是由于上游水库建设,对洪枯季入网流量进行调节的结果。1999—2017年马口站分流比变化不显著,但呈现增长趋势(洪、枯季分别增长2%、7%),主要由于1999年后西江河道下切更为严重造成,但仍小于20世纪90年代以前。20年来洪、枯季流量最大的三个入海通道一直为磨刀门、虎门和洪奇沥。对于整个河网来说,马口、三水以及其他各分汊节点分流比虽有所改变,但相对稳定,入海通道也保持不变,说明珠江三角洲近20年来保持径流分配以及入海通道流量的相对稳定性。The situation of the Pearl River Delta network area is complex, and the distribution of water and sediment is varied. This paper studies the changes and causes of the runoff distribution pattern of 16 stations in the Pearl River Delta during the synchronous flood and dry seasons with an interval of nearly 20 years (1999—2017), which provides an important reference for flood control and mitigation, channel transportation and other estuarine engineering and management. In this study, the synchronous runoff observation data of 16 key stations in the Pearl River Network in the flood season (July 1999, July 2017) and dry season (February 2001, December 2016) were used to study the change of flow distribution. The results show that the upstream flow of the network river area is about 30 000 m^(3)/s in flood season, which is 0.92 times of that of 20 years ago, and is mainly affected by the decrease of rainfall. In dry season, the upstream flow of the Pearl River network area is 7 500 m^(3)/s, which is 2.3 times of that of 20 years ago, mainly due to the construction of upstream reservoirs, which regulates the flow into the network in flood and dry season. During 1999—2017, the diversion ratio of Makou station did not change significantly, but showed an increasing trend (2% in flood season and 7% in dry season respectively), which was mainly due to the more serious undercutting of Xijiang River after 1999, but it was still less than before the 1990s. In the past 20 years, Modaomen, Humen and Hongqili have been the three channels with the largest discharge in flood and dry seasons. For the whole river network area, although the diversion ratio of Makou, Sanshui and other branching nodes has changed, it is relatively stable, and the channel into the sea also remains unchanged, indicating that the Pearl River Delta has maintained the relative stability of runoff distribution and channel discharge in recent 20 years.

关 键 词：珠江三角洲河网 流量 时空变化 洪枯季 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]