大亚湾西部海域海地瓜的空间分布及其栖息环境分析  

Spatial distribution and habitat condition of Acaudina molpadioides in Western Daya Bay

作　　者：李俊伟[1] 饶义勇 廖秀丽[1,2] 戴明 黄洪辉[1,2] LI Junwei;RAO Yiyong;LIAO Xiuli;DAI Ming;HUANG Honghui(South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment,Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation&Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China,Guangzhou 510300,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory,Guangzhou 511485,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所、广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室、农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东广州510300 [2]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室,广东广州511485

出　　处：《应用海洋学学报》2022年第2期286-293,共8页Journal of Applied Oceanography

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFC1407501);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项资助项目(GML2019ZD0402);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费资助项目(2020TD15);广东省促进经济发展专项资金(海洋经济发展用途)资助项目(GDNRC[2020]019)。

摘　　要：本研究于2020年1月(冬季)、3月(春季)、8月(夏季)和11月(秋季)对大亚湾西部海域的海地瓜(Acaudina molpadioides)空间分布和环境特征进行了调查研究,并结合室内养殖实验,分析了海地瓜的空间分布规律和栖息特性。结果表明:①海地瓜最高生物量达到170 g/m^(2),其栖息生境为粘土质粉砂和砂质粉砂,低温季节具有较高生物量。②主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)发现,有海地瓜分布的站位环境特征表现为较大的水深、盐度和溶解氧浓度,以及较低的水温、叶绿素a含量和较细的底质。③海地瓜的埋栖特征表现为口部向下、尾部朝上,以粘土质粉砂层下的黑色胶泥为食。④经组织切片观察,海地瓜体壁表层无管足,口部有15个触手。海地瓜体表运动器官缺乏,附着能力较弱。⑤主成分分析结果表明,大亚湾西部海域适宜海地瓜栖息的底质为粘土质粉砂,常出现在盐度较高、温度较低的深水区域。冬季和春季的调查数量高于其他季节,这需要进一步研究其生活史以明确其在不同时期内的生活习性。To study the spatial distribution and environmental adaptability of Acaudina molpadioides in Western Daya Bay,we carried out field investigation in January,March,August and November,2020,respectively.The living habits of A.molpadioides were analyzed based on the breeding experiment and sediment characteristics.The results indicated that(1)the biomass of A.molpadioides reached 170 g/m^(2) in clay-silt and more A.molpadioides were found in the low temperature seasons.(2)According to the PCA analysis,we found that A.molpadioides tends to be present in the clay-silt environment where the water depth,salinity and dissolved oxygen were higher,and the water temperature and Chl.a content were lower.(3)We found that A.molpadioides lives in the sediments upside-down feeding on the black clay beneath the clayey silt layer.(4)There was no significant tubular foot on the body surface,and there was only fifteen tentacles around its mouth.Therefore,A.molpadioides had poor adhesive ability.(5)According to the PCA analysis,we found that A.molpadioides tends to live in the clay-silt and sandy silt environments where temperature was lower and salinity was higher,comparatively.The numbers of collected A.molpadioides were higher in winter,spring and summer than that in autumn,and its life history needs to be studied further.

关 键 词：海洋生物学 海地瓜 空间分布 栖息环境 大亚湾西部海域 

分 类 号：P735[天文地球—海洋生物学]