中国排污权交易机制引起了环境不平等吗?——基于PSM-DID方法的研究  

Does Emissions Trading System Cause Environmental Inequality in China?——An Analysis Based on PSM-DID Method

作　　者：张亚丽 项本武 ZHANG Ya-li;XIANG Ben-wu

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学经济与管理学院,浙江舟山316000

出　　处：《中国地质大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第3期67-82,共16页Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中国城市群发展战略研究”(18BJL093)。

摘　　要：排污权交易机制作为市场型环境规制工具,被广泛应用于环境污染的治理。排污权的市场交易会产生污染排放在空间上的重新分配,可能对环境不平等产生影响,但其污染分配效应却很少得到关注。将2007—2012年先后实施的SO_(2)排放权交易试点政策看作一次准自然实验,选取各试点省份分别被批准为国家级排污权交易试点的时间作为政策干预时间点,基于2003—2014年中国24个省级行政区的面板数据,利用倾向得分匹配和多时点双重差分法(PSM-DID)检验SO_(2)排放权交易这一市场型环境规制对环境不平等的影响。研究发现:SO_(2)排放权交易显著增加了试点地区的环境不平等程度;市场化程度和环境规制强度对排污权交易机制的环境不平等效应具有差异化的影响,市场化程度越高、环境规制强度越高的地区,排污权交易机制的环境不平等效应更强。基于研究结论,从促进环境平等的角度提出了完善排污权交易机制的相关政策建议。As a market-based environmental regulation,emissions trading scheme is widely adopted in controlling environment pollution.Trading emission permits in the market will have pollution distributed in space,thus causing environment inequality.However,its pollution distributional effects have been ignored.Taking the SO_(2)emissions trading policy implented from 2007 to 2012 as a semi-natural experiment,taking the period in which provinces are exposed to treatment as treated time,using PSM-DID method,this paper examines the environmental inequality effects of the SO_(2)emissions trading scheme based on panel data of 24 provincial regions from 2003 to 2016.The result finds that SO_(2)emissions trading scheme significantly increases the environmental inequality in the pilot areas,and the degree of marketization and the environmental regulation intensity have heterogeneous impact on the environment equality effect of the emissions trading scheme.Based on the research conclusion,the paper suggests that the environmental inequaltity effect of emissions trading should be seriously considered and the emissions trading scheme is supposed to be improved from the perspective of environment equality promotion.

关 键 词：SO_(2)排放权交易 环境不平等 倾向得分匹配 多时点双重差分法 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济]