论证本土化分析评估的哲学基础--从地方化认识论的角度看  

The Philosophical Ground of the Localized Analysis and Evaluation of Argumentation from the Perspective of Local Epistemology

作　　者：贝智恩 Zhien Bei(Institute of Logic and Cognition,Sun Yat-sen University;Department of Philosophy,Sun Yat-sen University)

机构地区：[1]中山大学逻辑与认知研究所 [2]中山大学哲学系

出　　处：《逻辑学研究》2022年第2期75-91,共17页Studies in Logic

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“汉译逻辑术语本土化与中国逻辑学话语体系建设研究”(21&ZD065)。

摘　　要：当代主流论证理论秉持对自然图景中的论证活动进行理性重建的先验理念,呈现出论证主体的理想化、论证语言的固定化、论证结构的静态化和论证评估的同质化等理论特征,未能恰当描述非主流文化以及变动语境下的多元论证实践。广义论证理论将文化因素引入逻辑研究,使论证概念更具语境敏感性和文化包容性。从地方化认识论的角度看,广义论证促成了论证研究的本土化转向:首先,广义论证与广义知识在概念内涵上存在联系,它们的概念组成要素均具备地方性特征,论证步骤成功实施的背后是地方性知识在起作用。其次,根据地方化认识论针对智性活动的“认知主体–认知方式–认知效度”三元结构考察法,从“论证主体–论证方式–论证生效性”三个层面揭示了论证分析和论证评估的地方性,它们构成本土化论证理论的描述性维度和规范性维度。最后,本土化论证理论的建立表明,论证活动是具有本土特色的人际互动,以此为对象的论证研究不再是一项建构普适性论证模型的工作,而是使用本土概念如实记录论证实践以促进跨文化理解与交流。地方化认识论为这一转向奠定了哲学基础。Contemporary argumentation theory holds the transcendental ideal that it is possible to provide the rational reconstruction of argumentative practices in natural picture, which shows the traits of the idealization of argumentative agent, the fixation of argumentative language, the stability of argumentative structure and the homogeneity of argumentative evaluation, so that it is incapable for aptly describing multiple argumentative practices in non-mainstream culture and changeable contexts. The generalized argumentation theory brings the cultural factor into studies on logic, shaping the concept of argumentation with contextual sensitivity and cultural inclusiveness. From the perspective of local epistemology, generalized argumentation makes the localized turn in the studies on argumentation. Firstly, there are conceptual connection between generalized argumentation and generalized knowledge in virtue of that their components have local character,which implies that it is the embedded local knowledge that puts argumentative steps into effect. Secondly, according to the three-levels method of “epistemic agent–epistemic process–epistemic scope” in local epistemology’s treatment of intellectual activity, the parochiality of argumentative analysis and evaluation is revealed from the three-levels of “argumentative agent–argumentative process–argumentative effectivity”, which constructs the descriptive and normative dimension of localized theory of argumentation.Last but not least, the founding of such a theory shows that argumentative activity is one type of interpersonal interaction with local character, the studies on it would not be a job for the pursuit of universal argumentative models, but a truthfully record of argumentative practice using local terms for cross-cultural understanding and communication.Local epistemology sets the philosophical ground for such a turn.

关 键 词：论证理论 地方化认识论 广义论证 本土化视角 局部合理性 

分 类 号：B81[哲学宗教—逻辑学]