湘西喀斯特地区42年生湿地松-樟树人工混交林空间结构研究  

Spatial structure of the 42-year-old Pinus elliottii-Cinnamomum camphora mixed plantation in the karst area of western Hunan

作　　者：袁星明 朱宁华[1,3] 周光益 党鹏[1,3] 尚海 YUAN Xingming;ZHU Ninghua;ZHOU Guangyi;DANG Peng;SHANG Hai(College of Forestry,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Research Institute of Tropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Guangzhou 510520,Guangdong,China;Wuling Mountain rocky desertification comprehensive management national long-term scientific research base,Xiangxi Tujia Miao Autonomous Prefecture 416000,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学林学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所,广东广州510520 [3]武陵山石漠化综合治理国家长期科研基地,湖南湘西土家苗族自治州416000

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2022年第4期49-58,共10页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：中央级科研院所基本科研业务费重点项目“华南地区典型森林的退化机制与恢复技术”(CAFYBB2019SZ003);中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目“间伐影响杉木土壤微生物群落结构和功能的根际调控机制”(2020M672524)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究湘西石漠化地区湿地松-樟树人工混交林林分的物种组成和空间结构,为石漠化地区植被恢复与森林结构性优化提供理论支撑。【方法】在武陵山石漠化综合治理国家长期科研基地,针对湿地松-樟树人工混交林,采用植物群落学方法对林分整体的树种组成、径阶分布、林下更新、空间结构进行调查和分析。【结果】1)群落中乔木共有14种,隶属于12科14属,湿地松、樟树是主要树种,相对显著度分别为72.78%、22.06%;重要值分别为43.47%、34.61%。林分中湿地松相对多度占比27.79%,其大径阶林木占林分总株数的24.9%,湿地松自然更新能力弱,但长势良好,是构成异龄林分中冠层树种的最主要林分;樟树相对多度占比50.13%,它中小径阶林木占林分总株数的45.88%,樟树的自然更新能力强,是构成异龄林分中绝大部分中幼龄林木组成结构。2)林下植物共有40种,隶属于30科40属;林下幼树更新株数与岩石裸露率呈显著负相关,与灌草覆盖度呈负相关。3)林分的林木个体分布类型偏向于随机分布,各个树种处于中度混交与强度混交之间,林分整体处于中庸和亚优势状态,其中湿地松在林分中占绝对优势。4)空间结构指数(FSSI)和空间结构距离(FSSD)的值分别为67.38、61.04,此林分的空间结构较为良好。【结论】湿地松-樟树人工混交林经过42年的自然更新,林分整体向强度混交、异龄林和稳定群落演变发展,但是还未达到自然顶极群落水平,仍需要适当的人工经营管理。【Objective】In this article,the species composition and spatial structure of the Pinus elliottii-Cinnamomum camphora mixed plantation in the karst area of western Hunan Province were studied,in order to provide technical support for the vegetation restoration and forest structure optimization in the karst area.【Method】In the national scientific research base for comprehensive management of karst area in Wuling Mountain,the plant species composition,diameter class distribution,undergrowth regeneration and spatial structure of the Pinus elliottii-Cinnamomum camphora artificial mixed forest were investigated and analyzed by plant community method.【Result】1)There were 14 arbor tree species in the community,belonging to 12 families and 14 genera.Pinus elliottii and Cinnamomum camphora were the main tree species,with the relative significance of 72.78%and 22.06%respectively,and the important values were 43.47%and 34.61%respectively.The relative abundance of Pinus elliottii accounted for 27.79%of the total number of trees in the stand,and the large-diameter trees accounted for 24.9%.The natural regeneration ability of Pinus elliottii was weak,but it grew well.Pinus elliottii was the most important component of canopy tree species in the uneven-aged stand.The relative abundance of Cinnamomum camphora accounted for 50.13%of the total number of trees in the stand,while its medium and small-diameter trees accounted for 45.88%,and it was the dominant component of the young and middle-aged trees in the mixed uneven-aged forest.2)There were 40 species of understory plants,belonging to 30 families and 40 genera,while the number of young trees under the forest was negatively correlated with the rock exposure rate and the coverage of shrubs and grasses.3)The distribution of individual trees in the stand tended to be randomly distributed.Each tree species was in the middle and sub-dominant state between moderate and intense mixing,while Pinus elliottii exhibited absolute dominance.4)The values of FSSI and FSSD were 67.3

关 键 词：石漠化 林分组成 林下更新 空间结构参数 异龄林 

分 类 号：S718.55[农业科学—林学]