影响珍稀濒危植物荷叶铁线蕨孢子培养的环境因素研究  

Study on the Environment Factors Affecting Spores Culture of Rare and Endangered Plant Adiantum nelumboides

作　　者：李莉[1] LI Li(Urban Horticulture Research and Extension Center,Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden,Shanghai,China,201602)

机构地区：[1]上海辰山植物园,城市园艺技术研发与推广中心,上海201600

出　　处：《园林》2022年第5期134-141,共8页Landscape Architecture Academic Journal

基　　金：上海市绿化和市容管理局科学技术项目“重金属富集草本石油植物的筛选及应用研究”(编号:G222408);上海市绿化和市容管理局科学技术项目“荷叶铁线蕨、彩叶凤梨、猪笼草3类室内观赏植物栽培繁殖技术规程标准化研究”(编号:G182414)。

摘　　要：荷叶铁线蕨(Adiantum nelumboides X.C.Zhang)为仅分布于中国三峡库区的特有珍稀濒危蕨类植物,其野外种群资源日趋减少,已被列为国家一级重点保护野生植物。荷叶铁线蕨的繁殖方式主要有分株繁殖和孢子繁殖两种,孢子繁殖因其繁殖效率高而更有优势。为了为迁地保育提供技术依据,需要对孢子繁殖所需的环境因素进行标准化,确定繁殖效率最高的孢子培养条件。根据栽培过程中需要控制的各种环境因素进行单因子控制对比试验,确定包括基质、温度、光照、播种密度、孢子贮藏时间及孢子消毒与否等环境因素的最佳条件,并探讨孢子繁殖的技术要点,为荷叶铁线蕨的繁殖、保护和资源利用提供科学依据。结果表明,荷叶铁线蕨孢子为需光萌发,孢子萌发和配子体发育、幼孢子体生长最适宜的环境条件为:基质草炭∶蛭石=1∶1,温度25℃,日光灯光照强度3000 lux,播种密度25 pcs/cm^(2),贮藏时间1 m最佳,孢子不必要消毒。研究给出了荷叶铁线蕨孢子繁殖的最佳环境条件,通过孢子繁殖可以获取大量的有性繁殖个体,为荷叶铁线蕨的保育提供技术标准。Adiantum nelumboides is a rare and endangered fern that is only distributed in China’s Three Gorges Reservoir area.Its wild population has decreased,and it has been listed as the national first-level essential protection plant.Propagating by shoot division or spore is the primary propagation method of Adiantum nelumboides,and spore propagation is more advantageous because of its high reproductive effciency.To provide the technical basis for ex-situ conservation,it is necessary to standardize the environmental factors required for spore reproduction and determine the spore culture conditions with the highest reproductive effciency.To understand the effects of various factors on the culture of Adiantum nelumboides,we adopt spore culture to study the effects of substrate,temperature,illumination intensity,sowing density,spore storage time,and spore disinfection,which can provide a scientifc basis for conservation and resource utilization.The results showed that spore germination needs light.The most suitable environmental conditions for spore germination,gametophyte development,and young saprophyte growth were as follows:the substrate was peat:vermiculite=1:1,the temperature was 25℃,the illumination intensity of fuorescent lamp was 3000 lux,sowing density was 25 pcs/cm^(2),spore storage time was 1 m and not need to be disinfected.This study provides the best environmental conditions for the spore culture of Adiantum nelumboides.Through spore propagation,many sexual reproduction individuals can be obtained,which provides technical standards for the conservation of Adiantum nelumboides.

关 键 词：珍稀濒危植物 荷叶铁线蕨 孢子培养 环境因素 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]