基于图像识别的电梯制动轮与闸瓦间隙检测方法研究  

Research on Clearance Detection Method of Elevator Brake Wheel and Brake Shoe

作　　者：冯双昌[1] FENG Shuangchang(Shanghai Institute of Special Equipment Inspection and Technical Research,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市特种设备监督检验技术研究院,上海200062

出　　处：《机械》2022年第4期51-56,共6页Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC0808904);上海市市场监督管理局科学研项目(2021-23)。

摘　　要：作为电梯重要组成部分的制动器一旦发生故障,极易发生电梯冲顶或蹲底的严重事故。其中,制动轮和闸瓦之间的间隙是表征制动器是否正常工作的重要参数。本研究针对该间隙检测难题,利用工业摄像机拍摄电梯制动器工作过程中制动轮与闸瓦之间的间隙变化,基于高斯模糊处理和二值化处理方法对图像进行预处理,采用轮廓检测算法检测出制动轮和闸瓦的轮廓;采用曲率匹配的方法提取得到制动轮和闸瓦的弧形边缘;根据工业相机的内部参数和安装位置进而得到实际的间隙宽度。该方法可用于电梯制动轮与闸瓦间隙的检验检测,也可用于电梯制动器工作状况的长期远程监控,为按需维保、故障诊断、事故预测预防提供技术支持。As an important part of the elevator,once the brake breaks down,it is very easy to cause the serious accident of the elevator,such as rushing to the top or squatting to the bottom.The clearance between elevator brake wheel and brake shoe is an important parameter to indicate whether the brake works normally.In order to solve the problem of clearance detection,the industrial camera is used to capture the clearance change between brake wheel and brake shoe in the working process of elevator brake.The image is preprocessed based on Gauss fuzzy processing and binary processing.The contour detection algorithm is used to detect the contour of brake wheel and brake shoe.Curvature matching method is used to extract the arc edge of brake wheel and brake shoe.According to the internal parameters and installation position of the industrial camera,the actual clearance width can be obtained.This method can be used to check the clearance between the brake wheel and the brake shoe,and also can be used for long-term remote monitoring of the working condition of the elevator brake,providing technical support for maintenance,fault diagnosis and accident prevention.

关 键 词：电梯 制动器 闸瓦 间隙 图像识别 

分 类 号：V448.151[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]