低分子肝素皮下注射方法研究进展  

Research Progress of Subcutaneous Injection of Low Molecular Weight Heparin

作　　者：钟海燕 胡立珍[1] 杨红梅[2] 赵颖[1] ZHONG Haiyan;HU Lizhen;YANG Hongmei;ZHAO Ying(The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University/Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital,Changsha 410006,China;Department of Emergency,Changsha Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated of Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410006,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学附属第一医院/湖南省人民医院,湖南长沙410006 [2]湖南师范大学附属长沙市妇幼保健院急诊科,湖南长沙410006

出　　处：《河南医学研究》2022年第9期1724-1728,共5页Henan Medical Research

摘　　要：低分子肝素(LMWH)皮下注射时极易发生疼痛、皮下出血、硬结等不良反应。在临床护理工作中,减少患者皮下注射LMWH的不良反应成为护理人员关注的重点。研究表明,注射引起的不良反应多数是因为注射方法不规范。因此,正确、规范的注射方法及按压时间能有效降低不良反应发生率,有助于减轻患者痛苦,提升治疗满意度和用药依从性。本文综述了LMWH皮下注射时部位的选择、注射器大小、注射前排气、进针角度、注射细节、注射部位轮换方法、两注射点间距、注射时间、注射后局部按压时间及不良反应的处理等最新研究进展,为LMWH皮下注射在临床治疗中的应用提供指导和借鉴,并为未来的研究提供方向。Low molecular weight heparin(LMWH)is prone to pain,subcutaneous bleeding,sclerosis and other adverse reactions during subcutaneous injection.In clinical nursing work,reducing the adverse reactions of patients with subcutaneous injection of LMWH has been the focus of nursing staff.Studies have shown that most of the adverse reactions caused by injection are due to non-standard injection methods.Therefore,correct and standardized injection methods and pressing time can effectively reduce the incidence of adverse reactions,and help patients to relieve pain,improve treatment satisfaction and medication compliance.In this paper,the selection of subcutaneous injection sites for LMWH,syringe size,pre-injection exhaust,injection angle,injection details,rotation of injection sites,distance between two injection sites,injection time,local pressing time after injection and treatment of adverse reactions were reviewed.It provides guidance and reference for the application of subcutaneous injection of LMWH in clinical treatment,and provides direction for future research.

关 键 词：低分子肝素 皮下注射 皮下出血 不良反应 

分 类 号：R473.5[医药卫生—护理学]