申请专利的权利之属性研究  

Research on the Legal Nature of the Right to Apply for a Patent

作　　者：邓恒 杨军辉 DENG Heng;YANG Junhui(School of Humanities and Law,North China University of Technology,Beijing 100144)

机构地区：[1]北方工业大学文法学院,北京100144

出　　处：《中国发明与专利》2022年第5期36-45,共10页China Invention & Patent

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“商业秘密与竞业禁止法律问题研究”(项目编号:19FFXB025);2021年北方工业大学教育教学改革(重点)项目“交叉融合的技术类知识产权人才培养模式研究与实践”(项目编号:108051360021XN286)。

摘　　要：专利法通过确定申请专利的权利之行使人来进一步明确专利权的主体。申请专利的权利作为知识产权保护制度中不可缺少的概念,在保护发明创造人合法权利中具有重要的作用。然而法律并未明确申请专利的权利之含义、性质以及保护方式等内容。这为发明创造人在司法以及行政程序中的权益保护造成了现实的障碍。本文通过法理分析发现,申请专利的权利作为专利权的先期阶段,具有期待权的属性特征。虽然我国民法并未将期待权作为一项权利类型,但在理论界存在物权性质的期待权、债权性质的期待权以及知识产权性质的期待权。将申请专利的权利归为具有知识产权性质的期待权,对研究申请专利的权利、完善专利制度以及推动科学技术的进步具有积极意义。The patent law further clarifies the subject of patent right by determining the exerciser of the right to apply for a patent.As an indispensable concept in the intellectual property protection system,the right to apply for a patent plays an important role in protecting the legitimate rights of inventors.However,the law does not specify the meaning,nature and protection of the right to apply for a patent.This has caused realistic obstacles to the protection of rights and interests of inventors in judicial and administrative procedures.Through legal analysis,this paper finds that the right to apply for a patent,as the early stage of patent right,has the attribute characteristics of expectation rights.Although the civil law in China does not regard the right of expectation as a type of right,there are expectation rights with the nature of real rights,creditor's rights,and intellectual property rights in the theoretical field.To classify the right to apply for a patent as the expectation right with the nature of intellectual property rights is of positive significance to study the right to apply for a patent,improve the patent system and promote the progress of science and technology.

关 键 词：申请专利的权利 期待权 专利申请权 专利权 

分 类 号：D923.42[政治法律—民商法学]