Progress of microscopic thermoelectric effects studied by micro- and nano-thermometric techniques  

作　　者：Xue Gong Ruijie Qian Huanyi Xue Weikang Lu Zhenghua An 

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics,Department of Physics,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China [2]Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China [3]Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute,41th Floor,AI Tower,No.701 Yunjin Road,Xuhui District,Shanghai 200232,China

出　　处：《Frontiers of physics》2022年第2期155-172,共18页物理学前沿（英文版）

基　　金：support from Shanghai Science and Technology Committee under grant Nos.20JC1414700,18JC1420402,18JC1410300;the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under grant Nos.11991060/11674070/11634012;the National Key Research Program of China under grant No.2016YFA0302000.

摘　　要：Heat dissipation is one of the most serious problems in modern integrated electronics with the continuously decreasing devices size. Large portion of the consumed power is inevitably dissipated inthe form of waste heat which not only restricts the device energy-efficiency performance itself, butalso leads to severe environment problems and energy crisis. Thermoelectric Seebeck effect is a greenenergy-recycling method, while thermoelectric Peltier effect can be employed for heat management byactively cooling overheated devices, where passive cooling by heat conduction is not sufficiently enough.However, the technological applications of thermoelectricity are limited so far by their very low conversion efficiencies and lack of deep understanding of thermoelectricity in microscopic levels. Probingand managing the thermoelectricity is therefore fundamentally important particularly in nanoscale. Inthis short review, we will first briefly introduce the microscopic techniques for studying nanoscale thermoelectricity, focusing mainly on scanning thermal microscopy (SThM). SThM is a powerful tool formapping the lattice heat with nanometer spatial resolution and hence detecting the nanoscale thermaltransport and dissipation processes. Then we will review recent experiments utilizing these techniques to investigate thermoelectricity in various nanomaterial systems including both (two-material)heterojunctions and (single-material) homojunctions with tailored Seebeck coefficients, and also spinSeebeck and Peltier effects in magnetic materials. Next, we will provide a perspective on the promisingapplications of our recently developed Scanning Noise Microscope (SNoiM) for directly probing thenon-equilibrium transporting hot charges (instead of lattice heat) in thermoelectric devices. SNoiMtogether with SThM are expected to be able to provide more complete and comprehensive understanding to the microscopic mechanisms in thermoelectrics. Finally, we make a conclusion and outlook onthe future development of microscopic studies in

关 键 词：scanning thermal microscope(SThM) scanning noise microscope(SNoiM) thermoelectric effects Seebeck coefficient Peltier cooling spin caloritronics 

分 类 号：O57[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]