建筑火灾中人员应急响应行为影响因素的研究综述  

Research Review of Influencing Factors of Human Emergency Response Performance in Building Fire

作　　者：张庆顺[1] 周行 ZHANG Qingshun;ZHOU Hang

机构地区：[1]重庆大学建筑城规学院,山地城镇建设与新技术教育部重点实验室 [2]重庆大学建筑城规学院

出　　处：《西部人居环境学刊》2022年第2期91-99,共9页Journal of Human Settlements in West China

摘　　要：人员应急响应行为是建筑火灾安全研究的重要课题,提高人员安全疏散效率的前提是明确建筑环境物理因素与社会互动因素的耦合作用机制。基于火灾行为心理学,首先从建筑、火灾、人群、管理四个特征单一视角,指出现有研究内容与方法的不足;然后以复合视角对多因素的耦合研究展开述评,分析涵盖多种变量耦合研究的方法及其特点,指出细化研究应急响应各阶段特征、扩展完善建筑火灾影响因素数据库、深化研究影响因素的耦合作用机制、推动精细化仿真模型的应用与发展是未来研究需要深入拓展的方向。The primary goal of building fire safety is to ensure occupants’safety,and the most crucial aspect of occupants’safety in the face of fire is the possibility of safe escape.Human’s fire response performance is jointly determined by building physical factors(composed of building features and fire features)and social interaction factors(composed of human features and management features).The difficulty of fire response performance research lies in the influence of multiple factors on occupants’complex behavior,and the key is to clarify the impact of building physical factors and social interaction factors on behavior and psychology,and how to show these effects in the fire situation as truly as possible.In terms of building features,the existing studies analyze the impact of the overall layout of buildings on behavioral psychology from a macro and theoretical perspective.Although they are involved in space separation,space scale,equipment and materials,they do not consider the systematic relevance of space.The key local spaces inside the building include:special space types(atrium,exhibition space,refuge floor,etc.)and basic elements of space(exits,stairs,corridors,emergency evacuation signs,etc.),and the research of these spaces should be incorporated into the overall space system for analysis.In terms of fire features,the existing studies involve visual,tactile and auditory characteristics,mainly through the inquiry of fire survivors and surrounding insiders,combined with the dynamic simulation of fire spread,the reliability of the conclusion is limited by the authenticity of the data and the number of sets.The fire resistance design of structures and components,fire load,combustion state and position,and active and passive fire prevention methods will affect the spread of fire and smoke and personnel evacuation,and the non simulatability of fire reflects that the research can only be as close to the real situation as possible.In terms of human features,different individual factors affect evacuation effic

关 键 词：火灾应急响应 安全疏散 行为心理学 影响因素 研究综述 

分 类 号：TU972.4[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]