城市防灾减灾规划的理念比较与路径整合  

Comparison of Concepts and Path Integration of Urban Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Planning

作　　者：史斌 刘弘涛 SHI Bin;LIU Hongtao

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学建筑与设计学院

出　　处：《西部人居环境学刊》2022年第2期100-106,共7页Journal of Human Settlements in West China

基　　金：四川省重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFS0367)。

摘　　要：廓清不同灾害应对理念在规划应用中的逻辑与特点,对防灾减灾规划框架的建立与实施意义重大。回顾总结了综合防灾减灾、灾害风险管理、韧性、安全等4种理念的内涵,从系统认识角度将其归纳为“行为导向”与“功能导向”两类。不同理念指导下的规划在目标、对象、内容及实施效益方面存在差异,但也具有风险“识别—分析—评价—处置”的潜在规划编制逻辑。遵循城市系统中存在的“结构—涨落—功能”作用关系,建立了“功能需求整合—风险评价衔接—空间系统组织—规划实施控制”的防灾减灾整合框架,提出了防灾减灾规划应满足的多功能目标、风险评价路径、空间系统组织思路以及规划实施的建议。The traditional disaster prevention planning is oriented to resist disasters,which aims at the determined types of disasters.In the new era,the concept of disaster prevention and mitigation has gradually changed from single disaster types to comprehensive disaster mitigation,from disaster loss reduction to disaster risk mitigation,and its goal is to build resilient and safe cities.Comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation,disaster risk management,resilience and safety have become the hot content and important trend in the research of disaster prevention and mitigation.However,the research results have focused on the study of a single theoretical framework or strategy for disaster prevention,and there is no clear understanding of the relevance and difference between different disaster prevention and mitigation plans.These problems lead to duplication of programming,poor coordination of planning implementation and more fragmented management.Firstly,this paper summarizes the connotation and characteristics of different disaster response concepts and classifies them from the perspective of system theory.The concepts of comprehensive disaster prevention and disaster risk management have the attribute of systematic“behavior oriented”,which takes disaster as the starting point for disaster prevention action deployment and emphasizes the systematic behavior that cities need to make in the face of disaster.The concepts of resilience and safety have the attribute of“function oriented”of the system,which emphasizes the utility generated by behavior,so as to realize the dynamic balance between the system and disaster risk.Secondly,the paper analyzes the programming procedures of different disaster response plans,and finds that all kinds of plans have the same potential programming logic,including risk identification,analysis,evaluation and disposal.Risk disposal strategy is the main part of various plans for disaster prevention and mitigation deployment.Thirdly,the paper compares and analyzes the objectives,ob

关 键 词：防灾减灾规划 综合防灾减灾 灾害风险管理 韧性 安全 

分 类 号：TU984.116[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]